2 10 25 http://as-dh.gonzaga.edu/omeka/files/original/0b2369ea2c0c2e0a49258903860f0c0c.jpg c70c80f06253c7fb9b8da97cbc01b09c http://as-dh.gonzaga.edu/omeka/files/original/edab67b8a205141df7380bb015b4dc7f.jpg d302993a7e0913a9c2494077e471bbf5 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource <h2>The Fated Surroundings</h2> Description An account of the resource <h3>General Summary of D'Arcy McNickel's Novel, "The Surrounded"(This summary comes as an afterword written by Lawrence W. Towner):</h3> "As 'The Surrounded' opens, Archilde Leon has just returned from the big city to his father's ranch on the Flathead Indian Reservation in Montana. The story that unfolds captures the intense and varied conflicts that already characterized reservation life in 1936, when this remarkable novel was first published. Educated at a federal Indian boarding school, Archilde is torn not only between white and Indian cultures but between love for his Spanish father and his Indian mother, who in her old age is rejecting white culture and religion to return to the ways of her people. Archilde's young contemporaries, meanwhile, are succumbing to the destructive influence of reservation life, growing increasingly uprooted, dissolute, hopeless. Although Archilde plans to leave the reservation after a brief visit, his entanglements delay his departure until he faces destruction by the white man's law." <br /><br />By the end of the novel, Archilde truly understands what it means to be "surrounded" by the mountain ranges, a father, a Jesuit Mission, and government laws. McNickle portrays this as a fated journey that is often given to young Native American children forced to attend federal boarding schools. He does not create a romantic caricature of Native life but rather reinforces the brokenness, the dissonance and alienation Native American children felt during early 20th century reservation life. <br /><br /><em>*You can find my extended analysis of the novel in the "Exhibits" section.*</em> Subject The topic of the resource <h3>About the Creator:</h3> <em>This project was created, collected, and curated by Daniel Hodge--a Senior English Major from Torrance, CA. My studies revolve around mostly theories involving Race and Gender. In my work, I fought hard to create an honest and accurate portrayal of the experiences on the St. Ignatius Mission based on the materials I was given. It was never my intention to speak for other marginalized groups of people or further silence their experiences. I hope my work was true, honest, and fair. Also, I'd like to note that I hope for my project to spark conversation, further inquiry into the mission, and work to build more projects from it. If you or anyone feels my project does not do that proper work of revealing certain experiences about Mission life, please contact Gonzaga University. Thank you for taking the time to look through my collection.</em> <h3>About the Project: </h3> “The Surrounded” project aims to explore a complicated history revolving the colonial arrival of Jesuit Missionaries onto Native American reservations--particularly the Flathead Reservation in Western Montana. All of the images included in the project are photos extracted from the Jesuit Oregon Province Archives (JOPA) at the Foley Center Library, Gonzaga University. Before talking about the project, it’s important to note that the gaze (or scope) of these materials rely heavily on the point of view from the Jesuit Missionaries. In their attempt to document history, these images did not allow for me to discover the viewpoint or opinions of the Indigenous people to the land. Because of this limitation, the only way to present this material with a level gaze was by contextualizing the resources from the archive, with D’Arcy McNickle's novel, "The Surrounded." <br /><br />In a review, one scholar identified McNickle as, "a distinguished anthropologist and writer, and one of the founders of the National Congress of American Indians, the late D'Arcy McNickle was a member of the Confederated Salish and Kootenai tribes of Montana." The inclusion of McNickle's novel drives the leveling scope of this project because historically, the complicated history of these two cultures is often romanticized by the dominant ideology. Without McNickle’s experienced critiques of this ideology, the project would inevitably fail as because of it’s lack of interrogation with both peoples who inhabited the reservation. <br /><br />The novel takes place on the Flathead Native American Reservation in Montana. McNickle's protagonist, Archilde Leon, goes on a fated journey revealing the complex relationship that developed between the Jesuit Missionaries and the Native American peoples. The novel provides its reader with realistic depictions of reservation life for both the indigenous people to the lands and the Jesuit Missionaries who arrived onto the reservation in the fall of 1854. By providing images and journal entries from historical moments on the Reservation, consumers of my project can then articulate whether the relationship between the two groups was a colonial one, or a intersectional one. With this sudden clash of culture, who was greatly affected? <br /><br />McNickle initially portrays the black robed priests as white settlers who did not arrive hoping to force the indigenous people to assimilate—but as the novel moves a long, and the Native peoples become more demobilized by the white settlers, McNickle reveals a shift in the relationship between the black robes and the local tribes of the Flathead Reservation. McNickle initially portrays the black robed priests as white settlers who did not arrive hoping to force the indigenous people to assimilate—but as the novel moves a long, and the Native peoples become more demobilized by the white settlers, McNickle reveals a shift in the relationship between the black robes and the local tribes of the Flathead Reservation. As the Native peoples became justifiably more rebellious, McNickle depicts the newer black robed priests as a group of peoples who did not care to entertain the history of indigenous cultures—they became solely focused on forced assimilation. On the opening page of the print based text, McNickle adds a note which reads, "they called that place Sniel-emen (mountains of the surrounded) because there they had been set upon and destroyed." Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived All quotes within this collection come from D'Arcy McNickle's novel, <span style="text-decoration:underline;">The Surrounded</span> All resources come from the St. Ignatius Mission Collection, Jesuit Oregon Province Archives. Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource McNickle, D'Arcy. The Surrounded. Ed. Lawrence W. Towner. Albuquerque, NM: U of New Mexico, n.d. Print. Contact the Jesuit Oregon Province Archives, at Gonzaga University, for permission to copy or publish this image. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Daniel Hodge Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Kindergarten Class Picture Description An account of the resource The text on the rear of this image reads: "What a picture this is of the self-sacrifice of these good sisters! A dozen of them wash, feed, clothe (and make the clothes), teach, do everything for 125 helpless youngsters." The author of this image reinforces the colonial gaze many of the Sisters and Jesuits held towards children they were suppose to be nurturing. Language like "helpless" and "self-sacrifice" prove many missionaries did not consider the Native American's to be self-sufficient in many tasks they never asked for help in such as "making the clothes" that, in actuality, aimed to assimilate the Native peoples. Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived St. Ignatius Mission Collection, Jesuit Oregon Province Archives Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Contact the Jesuit Oregon Province Archives, at Gonzaga University, for permission to copy or publish this image. Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource JPG. Type The nature or genre of the resource Still Image. Flathead Reservation Kindergarten Mission School St. Ignatius Mission http://as-dh.gonzaga.edu/omeka/files/original/ef3a7e3c94014a291f336784926a9976.jpg 36a61ef6cc0eb7c4d6f0fec27d0748ae Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource <h2>The Fated Surroundings</h2> Description An account of the resource <h3>General Summary of D'Arcy McNickel's Novel, "The Surrounded"(This summary comes as an afterword written by Lawrence W. Towner):</h3> "As 'The Surrounded' opens, Archilde Leon has just returned from the big city to his father's ranch on the Flathead Indian Reservation in Montana. The story that unfolds captures the intense and varied conflicts that already characterized reservation life in 1936, when this remarkable novel was first published. Educated at a federal Indian boarding school, Archilde is torn not only between white and Indian cultures but between love for his Spanish father and his Indian mother, who in her old age is rejecting white culture and religion to return to the ways of her people. Archilde's young contemporaries, meanwhile, are succumbing to the destructive influence of reservation life, growing increasingly uprooted, dissolute, hopeless. Although Archilde plans to leave the reservation after a brief visit, his entanglements delay his departure until he faces destruction by the white man's law." <br /><br />By the end of the novel, Archilde truly understands what it means to be "surrounded" by the mountain ranges, a father, a Jesuit Mission, and government laws. McNickle portrays this as a fated journey that is often given to young Native American children forced to attend federal boarding schools. He does not create a romantic caricature of Native life but rather reinforces the brokenness, the dissonance and alienation Native American children felt during early 20th century reservation life. <br /><br /><em>*You can find my extended analysis of the novel in the "Exhibits" section.*</em> Subject The topic of the resource <h3>About the Creator:</h3> <em>This project was created, collected, and curated by Daniel Hodge--a Senior English Major from Torrance, CA. My studies revolve around mostly theories involving Race and Gender. In my work, I fought hard to create an honest and accurate portrayal of the experiences on the St. Ignatius Mission based on the materials I was given. It was never my intention to speak for other marginalized groups of people or further silence their experiences. I hope my work was true, honest, and fair. Also, I'd like to note that I hope for my project to spark conversation, further inquiry into the mission, and work to build more projects from it. If you or anyone feels my project does not do that proper work of revealing certain experiences about Mission life, please contact Gonzaga University. Thank you for taking the time to look through my collection.</em> <h3>About the Project: </h3> “The Surrounded” project aims to explore a complicated history revolving the colonial arrival of Jesuit Missionaries onto Native American reservations--particularly the Flathead Reservation in Western Montana. All of the images included in the project are photos extracted from the Jesuit Oregon Province Archives (JOPA) at the Foley Center Library, Gonzaga University. Before talking about the project, it’s important to note that the gaze (or scope) of these materials rely heavily on the point of view from the Jesuit Missionaries. In their attempt to document history, these images did not allow for me to discover the viewpoint or opinions of the Indigenous people to the land. Because of this limitation, the only way to present this material with a level gaze was by contextualizing the resources from the archive, with D’Arcy McNickle's novel, "The Surrounded." <br /><br />In a review, one scholar identified McNickle as, "a distinguished anthropologist and writer, and one of the founders of the National Congress of American Indians, the late D'Arcy McNickle was a member of the Confederated Salish and Kootenai tribes of Montana." The inclusion of McNickle's novel drives the leveling scope of this project because historically, the complicated history of these two cultures is often romanticized by the dominant ideology. Without McNickle’s experienced critiques of this ideology, the project would inevitably fail as because of it’s lack of interrogation with both peoples who inhabited the reservation. <br /><br />The novel takes place on the Flathead Native American Reservation in Montana. McNickle's protagonist, Archilde Leon, goes on a fated journey revealing the complex relationship that developed between the Jesuit Missionaries and the Native American peoples. The novel provides its reader with realistic depictions of reservation life for both the indigenous people to the lands and the Jesuit Missionaries who arrived onto the reservation in the fall of 1854. By providing images and journal entries from historical moments on the Reservation, consumers of my project can then articulate whether the relationship between the two groups was a colonial one, or a intersectional one. With this sudden clash of culture, who was greatly affected? <br /><br />McNickle initially portrays the black robed priests as white settlers who did not arrive hoping to force the indigenous people to assimilate—but as the novel moves a long, and the Native peoples become more demobilized by the white settlers, McNickle reveals a shift in the relationship between the black robes and the local tribes of the Flathead Reservation. McNickle initially portrays the black robed priests as white settlers who did not arrive hoping to force the indigenous people to assimilate—but as the novel moves a long, and the Native peoples become more demobilized by the white settlers, McNickle reveals a shift in the relationship between the black robes and the local tribes of the Flathead Reservation. As the Native peoples became justifiably more rebellious, McNickle depicts the newer black robed priests as a group of peoples who did not care to entertain the history of indigenous cultures—they became solely focused on forced assimilation. On the opening page of the print based text, McNickle adds a note which reads, "they called that place Sniel-emen (mountains of the surrounded) because there they had been set upon and destroyed." Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived All quotes within this collection come from D'Arcy McNickle's novel, <span style="text-decoration:underline;">The Surrounded</span> All resources come from the St. Ignatius Mission Collection, Jesuit Oregon Province Archives. Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource McNickle, D'Arcy. The Surrounded. Ed. Lawrence W. Towner. Albuquerque, NM: U of New Mexico, n.d. Print. Contact the Jesuit Oregon Province Archives, at Gonzaga University, for permission to copy or publish this image. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Daniel Hodge Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Chief of the Flathead Reservation Description An account of the resource Chief Baptist, wife, and granddaughter pose for an image outside of their home. Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived St. Ignatius Mission Collection, Jesuit Oregon Province Archives Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Contact the Jesuit Oregon Province Archives, at Gonzaga University, for permission to copy or publish this image. Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource JPG. Type The nature or genre of the resource Still Image. Chief Baptist Flathead Reservation Native American Huts http://as-dh.gonzaga.edu/omeka/files/original/7b9afe03a7cdf4c2885210dce1d5fdc8.jpg d7fae434ff6d881ba93dc276433a844c Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource <h2>The Fated Surroundings</h2> Description An account of the resource <h3>General Summary of D'Arcy McNickel's Novel, "The Surrounded"(This summary comes as an afterword written by Lawrence W. Towner):</h3> "As 'The Surrounded' opens, Archilde Leon has just returned from the big city to his father's ranch on the Flathead Indian Reservation in Montana. The story that unfolds captures the intense and varied conflicts that already characterized reservation life in 1936, when this remarkable novel was first published. Educated at a federal Indian boarding school, Archilde is torn not only between white and Indian cultures but between love for his Spanish father and his Indian mother, who in her old age is rejecting white culture and religion to return to the ways of her people. Archilde's young contemporaries, meanwhile, are succumbing to the destructive influence of reservation life, growing increasingly uprooted, dissolute, hopeless. Although Archilde plans to leave the reservation after a brief visit, his entanglements delay his departure until he faces destruction by the white man's law." <br /><br />By the end of the novel, Archilde truly understands what it means to be "surrounded" by the mountain ranges, a father, a Jesuit Mission, and government laws. McNickle portrays this as a fated journey that is often given to young Native American children forced to attend federal boarding schools. He does not create a romantic caricature of Native life but rather reinforces the brokenness, the dissonance and alienation Native American children felt during early 20th century reservation life. <br /><br /><em>*You can find my extended analysis of the novel in the "Exhibits" section.*</em> Subject The topic of the resource <h3>About the Creator:</h3> <em>This project was created, collected, and curated by Daniel Hodge--a Senior English Major from Torrance, CA. My studies revolve around mostly theories involving Race and Gender. In my work, I fought hard to create an honest and accurate portrayal of the experiences on the St. Ignatius Mission based on the materials I was given. It was never my intention to speak for other marginalized groups of people or further silence their experiences. I hope my work was true, honest, and fair. Also, I'd like to note that I hope for my project to spark conversation, further inquiry into the mission, and work to build more projects from it. If you or anyone feels my project does not do that proper work of revealing certain experiences about Mission life, please contact Gonzaga University. Thank you for taking the time to look through my collection.</em> <h3>About the Project: </h3> “The Surrounded” project aims to explore a complicated history revolving the colonial arrival of Jesuit Missionaries onto Native American reservations--particularly the Flathead Reservation in Western Montana. All of the images included in the project are photos extracted from the Jesuit Oregon Province Archives (JOPA) at the Foley Center Library, Gonzaga University. Before talking about the project, it’s important to note that the gaze (or scope) of these materials rely heavily on the point of view from the Jesuit Missionaries. In their attempt to document history, these images did not allow for me to discover the viewpoint or opinions of the Indigenous people to the land. Because of this limitation, the only way to present this material with a level gaze was by contextualizing the resources from the archive, with D’Arcy McNickle's novel, "The Surrounded." <br /><br />In a review, one scholar identified McNickle as, "a distinguished anthropologist and writer, and one of the founders of the National Congress of American Indians, the late D'Arcy McNickle was a member of the Confederated Salish and Kootenai tribes of Montana." The inclusion of McNickle's novel drives the leveling scope of this project because historically, the complicated history of these two cultures is often romanticized by the dominant ideology. Without McNickle’s experienced critiques of this ideology, the project would inevitably fail as because of it’s lack of interrogation with both peoples who inhabited the reservation. <br /><br />The novel takes place on the Flathead Native American Reservation in Montana. McNickle's protagonist, Archilde Leon, goes on a fated journey revealing the complex relationship that developed between the Jesuit Missionaries and the Native American peoples. The novel provides its reader with realistic depictions of reservation life for both the indigenous people to the lands and the Jesuit Missionaries who arrived onto the reservation in the fall of 1854. By providing images and journal entries from historical moments on the Reservation, consumers of my project can then articulate whether the relationship between the two groups was a colonial one, or a intersectional one. With this sudden clash of culture, who was greatly affected? <br /><br />McNickle initially portrays the black robed priests as white settlers who did not arrive hoping to force the indigenous people to assimilate—but as the novel moves a long, and the Native peoples become more demobilized by the white settlers, McNickle reveals a shift in the relationship between the black robes and the local tribes of the Flathead Reservation. McNickle initially portrays the black robed priests as white settlers who did not arrive hoping to force the indigenous people to assimilate—but as the novel moves a long, and the Native peoples become more demobilized by the white settlers, McNickle reveals a shift in the relationship between the black robes and the local tribes of the Flathead Reservation. As the Native peoples became justifiably more rebellious, McNickle depicts the newer black robed priests as a group of peoples who did not care to entertain the history of indigenous cultures—they became solely focused on forced assimilation. On the opening page of the print based text, McNickle adds a note which reads, "they called that place Sniel-emen (mountains of the surrounded) because there they had been set upon and destroyed." Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived All quotes within this collection come from D'Arcy McNickle's novel, <span style="text-decoration:underline;">The Surrounded</span> All resources come from the St. Ignatius Mission Collection, Jesuit Oregon Province Archives. Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource McNickle, D'Arcy. The Surrounded. Ed. Lawrence W. Towner. Albuquerque, NM: U of New Mexico, n.d. Print. Contact the Jesuit Oregon Province Archives, at Gonzaga University, for permission to copy or publish this image. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Daniel Hodge Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Holy Family Hospital Description An account of the resource Early in the 20th century the Old Mission Church acted as the reservations' hospital once the congregation moved to the St. Ignatius Church. Eventually though, the Holy Family Hospital became the primary hospital on the reservation. Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived St. Ignatius Mission Collection, Jesuit Oregon Province Archives Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Contact the Jesuit Oregon Province Archives, at Gonzaga University, for permission to copy or publish this image. Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource JPG. Type The nature or genre of the resource Still Image. Flathead Reservation Holy Family Hospital St. Ignatius Mission http://as-dh.gonzaga.edu/omeka/files/original/4df82eac01d064dfe5ef8a102d975390.jpg c7d6b121280c7a131277854d7cb6a378 http://as-dh.gonzaga.edu/omeka/files/original/f2676e32376ae88ebe9f554ec874ea43.jpg ed4facf0a2594b62f72875fcff987ba8 http://as-dh.gonzaga.edu/omeka/files/original/6cab1943a9c480f42a33c4735951e5a3.jpg 7babbd20f2dd93bbeaa9cccea68a7405 http://as-dh.gonzaga.edu/omeka/files/original/e9872e52094f2b01145ec2810757201e.jpg 46439275970e7d0dc0cdfb3e661d011b Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource <h2>The Fated Surroundings</h2> Description An account of the resource <h3>General Summary of D'Arcy McNickel's Novel, "The Surrounded"(This summary comes as an afterword written by Lawrence W. Towner):</h3> "As 'The Surrounded' opens, Archilde Leon has just returned from the big city to his father's ranch on the Flathead Indian Reservation in Montana. The story that unfolds captures the intense and varied conflicts that already characterized reservation life in 1936, when this remarkable novel was first published. Educated at a federal Indian boarding school, Archilde is torn not only between white and Indian cultures but between love for his Spanish father and his Indian mother, who in her old age is rejecting white culture and religion to return to the ways of her people. Archilde's young contemporaries, meanwhile, are succumbing to the destructive influence of reservation life, growing increasingly uprooted, dissolute, hopeless. Although Archilde plans to leave the reservation after a brief visit, his entanglements delay his departure until he faces destruction by the white man's law." <br /><br />By the end of the novel, Archilde truly understands what it means to be "surrounded" by the mountain ranges, a father, a Jesuit Mission, and government laws. McNickle portrays this as a fated journey that is often given to young Native American children forced to attend federal boarding schools. He does not create a romantic caricature of Native life but rather reinforces the brokenness, the dissonance and alienation Native American children felt during early 20th century reservation life. <br /><br /><em>*You can find my extended analysis of the novel in the "Exhibits" section.*</em> Subject The topic of the resource <h3>About the Creator:</h3> <em>This project was created, collected, and curated by Daniel Hodge--a Senior English Major from Torrance, CA. My studies revolve around mostly theories involving Race and Gender. In my work, I fought hard to create an honest and accurate portrayal of the experiences on the St. Ignatius Mission based on the materials I was given. It was never my intention to speak for other marginalized groups of people or further silence their experiences. I hope my work was true, honest, and fair. Also, I'd like to note that I hope for my project to spark conversation, further inquiry into the mission, and work to build more projects from it. If you or anyone feels my project does not do that proper work of revealing certain experiences about Mission life, please contact Gonzaga University. Thank you for taking the time to look through my collection.</em> <h3>About the Project: </h3> “The Surrounded” project aims to explore a complicated history revolving the colonial arrival of Jesuit Missionaries onto Native American reservations--particularly the Flathead Reservation in Western Montana. All of the images included in the project are photos extracted from the Jesuit Oregon Province Archives (JOPA) at the Foley Center Library, Gonzaga University. Before talking about the project, it’s important to note that the gaze (or scope) of these materials rely heavily on the point of view from the Jesuit Missionaries. In their attempt to document history, these images did not allow for me to discover the viewpoint or opinions of the Indigenous people to the land. Because of this limitation, the only way to present this material with a level gaze was by contextualizing the resources from the archive, with D’Arcy McNickle's novel, "The Surrounded." <br /><br />In a review, one scholar identified McNickle as, "a distinguished anthropologist and writer, and one of the founders of the National Congress of American Indians, the late D'Arcy McNickle was a member of the Confederated Salish and Kootenai tribes of Montana." The inclusion of McNickle's novel drives the leveling scope of this project because historically, the complicated history of these two cultures is often romanticized by the dominant ideology. Without McNickle’s experienced critiques of this ideology, the project would inevitably fail as because of it’s lack of interrogation with both peoples who inhabited the reservation. <br /><br />The novel takes place on the Flathead Native American Reservation in Montana. McNickle's protagonist, Archilde Leon, goes on a fated journey revealing the complex relationship that developed between the Jesuit Missionaries and the Native American peoples. The novel provides its reader with realistic depictions of reservation life for both the indigenous people to the lands and the Jesuit Missionaries who arrived onto the reservation in the fall of 1854. By providing images and journal entries from historical moments on the Reservation, consumers of my project can then articulate whether the relationship between the two groups was a colonial one, or a intersectional one. With this sudden clash of culture, who was greatly affected? <br /><br />McNickle initially portrays the black robed priests as white settlers who did not arrive hoping to force the indigenous people to assimilate—but as the novel moves a long, and the Native peoples become more demobilized by the white settlers, McNickle reveals a shift in the relationship between the black robes and the local tribes of the Flathead Reservation. McNickle initially portrays the black robed priests as white settlers who did not arrive hoping to force the indigenous people to assimilate—but as the novel moves a long, and the Native peoples become more demobilized by the white settlers, McNickle reveals a shift in the relationship between the black robes and the local tribes of the Flathead Reservation. As the Native peoples became justifiably more rebellious, McNickle depicts the newer black robed priests as a group of peoples who did not care to entertain the history of indigenous cultures—they became solely focused on forced assimilation. On the opening page of the print based text, McNickle adds a note which reads, "they called that place Sniel-emen (mountains of the surrounded) because there they had been set upon and destroyed." Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived All quotes within this collection come from D'Arcy McNickle's novel, <span style="text-decoration:underline;">The Surrounded</span> All resources come from the St. Ignatius Mission Collection, Jesuit Oregon Province Archives. Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource McNickle, D'Arcy. The Surrounded. Ed. Lawrence W. Towner. Albuquerque, NM: U of New Mexico, n.d. Print. Contact the Jesuit Oregon Province Archives, at Gonzaga University, for permission to copy or publish this image. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Daniel Hodge Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource The Grounds of the Jesuit House Description An account of the resource These images depict the interior and exterior of the Jesuit house where all of the Ignatian Priests would have lived during the time on the reservation. The second photo shows a close up view of the grounds courtyard and the third image shows the beautiful architecture filling the daily chapel. Notice the difference in materials, structure, and effort put into the Father's quarters opposed to the Native American huts and even the Sisters quarters. Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived St. Ignatius Mission Collection, Jesuit Oregon Province Archives Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Contact the Jesuit Oregon Province Archives, at Gonzaga University, for permission to copy or publish this image. Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource JPG. Type The nature or genre of the resource Still Image. Daily Chapel Flathead Reservation Jesuit House St. Ignatius Mission http://as-dh.gonzaga.edu/omeka/files/original/7e493586374ca00436fee3c8bcea89be.jpg 052ba1d81725e015585adcefc4aa306b http://as-dh.gonzaga.edu/omeka/files/original/6c9c5e7b63510857ad9b0521bcfde0f4.jpg e552896313ac4ea55e0629e54f1ecf4b http://as-dh.gonzaga.edu/omeka/files/original/cb1081a5d68505bb9fbf4a373bc2168f.jpg 316edceab046f2cbb3bd0374772c0b4c Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource <h2>The Fated Surroundings</h2> Description An account of the resource <h3>General Summary of D'Arcy McNickel's Novel, "The Surrounded"(This summary comes as an afterword written by Lawrence W. Towner):</h3> "As 'The Surrounded' opens, Archilde Leon has just returned from the big city to his father's ranch on the Flathead Indian Reservation in Montana. The story that unfolds captures the intense and varied conflicts that already characterized reservation life in 1936, when this remarkable novel was first published. Educated at a federal Indian boarding school, Archilde is torn not only between white and Indian cultures but between love for his Spanish father and his Indian mother, who in her old age is rejecting white culture and religion to return to the ways of her people. Archilde's young contemporaries, meanwhile, are succumbing to the destructive influence of reservation life, growing increasingly uprooted, dissolute, hopeless. Although Archilde plans to leave the reservation after a brief visit, his entanglements delay his departure until he faces destruction by the white man's law." <br /><br />By the end of the novel, Archilde truly understands what it means to be "surrounded" by the mountain ranges, a father, a Jesuit Mission, and government laws. McNickle portrays this as a fated journey that is often given to young Native American children forced to attend federal boarding schools. He does not create a romantic caricature of Native life but rather reinforces the brokenness, the dissonance and alienation Native American children felt during early 20th century reservation life. <br /><br /><em>*You can find my extended analysis of the novel in the "Exhibits" section.*</em> Subject The topic of the resource <h3>About the Creator:</h3> <em>This project was created, collected, and curated by Daniel Hodge--a Senior English Major from Torrance, CA. My studies revolve around mostly theories involving Race and Gender. In my work, I fought hard to create an honest and accurate portrayal of the experiences on the St. Ignatius Mission based on the materials I was given. It was never my intention to speak for other marginalized groups of people or further silence their experiences. I hope my work was true, honest, and fair. Also, I'd like to note that I hope for my project to spark conversation, further inquiry into the mission, and work to build more projects from it. If you or anyone feels my project does not do that proper work of revealing certain experiences about Mission life, please contact Gonzaga University. Thank you for taking the time to look through my collection.</em> <h3>About the Project: </h3> “The Surrounded” project aims to explore a complicated history revolving the colonial arrival of Jesuit Missionaries onto Native American reservations--particularly the Flathead Reservation in Western Montana. All of the images included in the project are photos extracted from the Jesuit Oregon Province Archives (JOPA) at the Foley Center Library, Gonzaga University. Before talking about the project, it’s important to note that the gaze (or scope) of these materials rely heavily on the point of view from the Jesuit Missionaries. In their attempt to document history, these images did not allow for me to discover the viewpoint or opinions of the Indigenous people to the land. Because of this limitation, the only way to present this material with a level gaze was by contextualizing the resources from the archive, with D’Arcy McNickle's novel, "The Surrounded." <br /><br />In a review, one scholar identified McNickle as, "a distinguished anthropologist and writer, and one of the founders of the National Congress of American Indians, the late D'Arcy McNickle was a member of the Confederated Salish and Kootenai tribes of Montana." The inclusion of McNickle's novel drives the leveling scope of this project because historically, the complicated history of these two cultures is often romanticized by the dominant ideology. Without McNickle’s experienced critiques of this ideology, the project would inevitably fail as because of it’s lack of interrogation with both peoples who inhabited the reservation. <br /><br />The novel takes place on the Flathead Native American Reservation in Montana. McNickle's protagonist, Archilde Leon, goes on a fated journey revealing the complex relationship that developed between the Jesuit Missionaries and the Native American peoples. The novel provides its reader with realistic depictions of reservation life for both the indigenous people to the lands and the Jesuit Missionaries who arrived onto the reservation in the fall of 1854. By providing images and journal entries from historical moments on the Reservation, consumers of my project can then articulate whether the relationship between the two groups was a colonial one, or a intersectional one. With this sudden clash of culture, who was greatly affected? <br /><br />McNickle initially portrays the black robed priests as white settlers who did not arrive hoping to force the indigenous people to assimilate—but as the novel moves a long, and the Native peoples become more demobilized by the white settlers, McNickle reveals a shift in the relationship between the black robes and the local tribes of the Flathead Reservation. McNickle initially portrays the black robed priests as white settlers who did not arrive hoping to force the indigenous people to assimilate—but as the novel moves a long, and the Native peoples become more demobilized by the white settlers, McNickle reveals a shift in the relationship between the black robes and the local tribes of the Flathead Reservation. As the Native peoples became justifiably more rebellious, McNickle depicts the newer black robed priests as a group of peoples who did not care to entertain the history of indigenous cultures—they became solely focused on forced assimilation. On the opening page of the print based text, McNickle adds a note which reads, "they called that place Sniel-emen (mountains of the surrounded) because there they had been set upon and destroyed." Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived All quotes within this collection come from D'Arcy McNickle's novel, <span style="text-decoration:underline;">The Surrounded</span> All resources come from the St. Ignatius Mission Collection, Jesuit Oregon Province Archives. Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource McNickle, D'Arcy. The Surrounded. Ed. Lawrence W. Towner. Albuquerque, NM: U of New Mexico, n.d. Print. Contact the Jesuit Oregon Province Archives, at Gonzaga University, for permission to copy or publish this image. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Daniel Hodge Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Interior and Exterior of the St. Ignatius Church Description An account of the resource A close up view of the St. Ignatius Church and its interior walls. Brother Joseph Carignano painted all 58 art pieces covering the inside of the chapel. Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived St. Ignatius Mission Collection, Jesuit Oregon Province Archives Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Contact the Jesuit Oregon Province Archives, at Gonzaga University, for permission to copy or publish this image. Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource JPG. Type The nature or genre of the resource Still Image. Brother Joseph Carignano Flathead Reservation Jesuits Old Mission Church St. Ignatius Mission http://as-dh.gonzaga.edu/omeka/files/original/83f354a490e788612cfce812ea903510.jpg 7397b747db40207f7c03e04c08148b20 http://as-dh.gonzaga.edu/omeka/files/original/d5205c77da7f705b254d48356ef43bfd.jpg d46ea11de9a46c668a7d5f39e3b6f1e6 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource <h2>The Fated Surroundings</h2> Description An account of the resource <h3>General Summary of D'Arcy McNickel's Novel, "The Surrounded"(This summary comes as an afterword written by Lawrence W. Towner):</h3> "As 'The Surrounded' opens, Archilde Leon has just returned from the big city to his father's ranch on the Flathead Indian Reservation in Montana. The story that unfolds captures the intense and varied conflicts that already characterized reservation life in 1936, when this remarkable novel was first published. Educated at a federal Indian boarding school, Archilde is torn not only between white and Indian cultures but between love for his Spanish father and his Indian mother, who in her old age is rejecting white culture and religion to return to the ways of her people. Archilde's young contemporaries, meanwhile, are succumbing to the destructive influence of reservation life, growing increasingly uprooted, dissolute, hopeless. Although Archilde plans to leave the reservation after a brief visit, his entanglements delay his departure until he faces destruction by the white man's law." <br /><br />By the end of the novel, Archilde truly understands what it means to be "surrounded" by the mountain ranges, a father, a Jesuit Mission, and government laws. McNickle portrays this as a fated journey that is often given to young Native American children forced to attend federal boarding schools. He does not create a romantic caricature of Native life but rather reinforces the brokenness, the dissonance and alienation Native American children felt during early 20th century reservation life. <br /><br /><em>*You can find my extended analysis of the novel in the "Exhibits" section.*</em> Subject The topic of the resource <h3>About the Creator:</h3> <em>This project was created, collected, and curated by Daniel Hodge--a Senior English Major from Torrance, CA. My studies revolve around mostly theories involving Race and Gender. In my work, I fought hard to create an honest and accurate portrayal of the experiences on the St. Ignatius Mission based on the materials I was given. It was never my intention to speak for other marginalized groups of people or further silence their experiences. I hope my work was true, honest, and fair. Also, I'd like to note that I hope for my project to spark conversation, further inquiry into the mission, and work to build more projects from it. If you or anyone feels my project does not do that proper work of revealing certain experiences about Mission life, please contact Gonzaga University. Thank you for taking the time to look through my collection.</em> <h3>About the Project: </h3> “The Surrounded” project aims to explore a complicated history revolving the colonial arrival of Jesuit Missionaries onto Native American reservations--particularly the Flathead Reservation in Western Montana. All of the images included in the project are photos extracted from the Jesuit Oregon Province Archives (JOPA) at the Foley Center Library, Gonzaga University. Before talking about the project, it’s important to note that the gaze (or scope) of these materials rely heavily on the point of view from the Jesuit Missionaries. In their attempt to document history, these images did not allow for me to discover the viewpoint or opinions of the Indigenous people to the land. Because of this limitation, the only way to present this material with a level gaze was by contextualizing the resources from the archive, with D’Arcy McNickle's novel, "The Surrounded." <br /><br />In a review, one scholar identified McNickle as, "a distinguished anthropologist and writer, and one of the founders of the National Congress of American Indians, the late D'Arcy McNickle was a member of the Confederated Salish and Kootenai tribes of Montana." The inclusion of McNickle's novel drives the leveling scope of this project because historically, the complicated history of these two cultures is often romanticized by the dominant ideology. Without McNickle’s experienced critiques of this ideology, the project would inevitably fail as because of it’s lack of interrogation with both peoples who inhabited the reservation. <br /><br />The novel takes place on the Flathead Native American Reservation in Montana. McNickle's protagonist, Archilde Leon, goes on a fated journey revealing the complex relationship that developed between the Jesuit Missionaries and the Native American peoples. The novel provides its reader with realistic depictions of reservation life for both the indigenous people to the lands and the Jesuit Missionaries who arrived onto the reservation in the fall of 1854. By providing images and journal entries from historical moments on the Reservation, consumers of my project can then articulate whether the relationship between the two groups was a colonial one, or a intersectional one. With this sudden clash of culture, who was greatly affected? <br /><br />McNickle initially portrays the black robed priests as white settlers who did not arrive hoping to force the indigenous people to assimilate—but as the novel moves a long, and the Native peoples become more demobilized by the white settlers, McNickle reveals a shift in the relationship between the black robes and the local tribes of the Flathead Reservation. McNickle initially portrays the black robed priests as white settlers who did not arrive hoping to force the indigenous people to assimilate—but as the novel moves a long, and the Native peoples become more demobilized by the white settlers, McNickle reveals a shift in the relationship between the black robes and the local tribes of the Flathead Reservation. As the Native peoples became justifiably more rebellious, McNickle depicts the newer black robed priests as a group of peoples who did not care to entertain the history of indigenous cultures—they became solely focused on forced assimilation. On the opening page of the print based text, McNickle adds a note which reads, "they called that place Sniel-emen (mountains of the surrounded) because there they had been set upon and destroyed." Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived All quotes within this collection come from D'Arcy McNickle's novel, <span style="text-decoration:underline;">The Surrounded</span> All resources come from the St. Ignatius Mission Collection, Jesuit Oregon Province Archives. Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource McNickle, D'Arcy. The Surrounded. Ed. Lawrence W. Towner. Albuquerque, NM: U of New Mexico, n.d. Print. Contact the Jesuit Oregon Province Archives, at Gonzaga University, for permission to copy or publish this image. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Daniel Hodge Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource The Old Mission Church Description An account of the resource The Old Mission Church can be seen here in a photograph from the late 1800s and artistic depiction from a German journalist. In the artist's depiction, he seems to capture the same photograph (see the men on the bottom left) but rejects to include the Native American children pictured in the actual photograph. When picturing "America" this artist did not feel the need to include the indigenous people of the land. This is very telling of the colonial mindset many individuals took during this time period. Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived St. Ignatius Mission Collection, Jesuit Oregon Province Archives Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Contact the Jesuit Oregon Province Archives, at Gonzaga University, for permission to copy or publish this image. Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource JPG. Type The nature or genre of the resource Still Image. Flathead Reservation Newspaper Clipping Old Mission Church St. Ignatius Mission http://as-dh.gonzaga.edu/omeka/files/original/45192e86863e14d69434989d7412d6c5.jpg 12ca926527311b3dc47145150b17fcda http://as-dh.gonzaga.edu/omeka/files/original/a0a2a2b9c1b50a972d897786ea25fae5.jpg ceeaf9427dc3184a3c1b31778e7d876c http://as-dh.gonzaga.edu/omeka/files/original/c95b2dc3b91b54837b7c759ebd05f1c8.jpg 304cea58afcbf8657639dffd0c61702f Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource <h2>The Fated Surroundings</h2> Description An account of the resource <h3>General Summary of D'Arcy McNickel's Novel, "The Surrounded"(This summary comes as an afterword written by Lawrence W. Towner):</h3> "As 'The Surrounded' opens, Archilde Leon has just returned from the big city to his father's ranch on the Flathead Indian Reservation in Montana. The story that unfolds captures the intense and varied conflicts that already characterized reservation life in 1936, when this remarkable novel was first published. Educated at a federal Indian boarding school, Archilde is torn not only between white and Indian cultures but between love for his Spanish father and his Indian mother, who in her old age is rejecting white culture and religion to return to the ways of her people. Archilde's young contemporaries, meanwhile, are succumbing to the destructive influence of reservation life, growing increasingly uprooted, dissolute, hopeless. Although Archilde plans to leave the reservation after a brief visit, his entanglements delay his departure until he faces destruction by the white man's law." <br /><br />By the end of the novel, Archilde truly understands what it means to be "surrounded" by the mountain ranges, a father, a Jesuit Mission, and government laws. McNickle portrays this as a fated journey that is often given to young Native American children forced to attend federal boarding schools. He does not create a romantic caricature of Native life but rather reinforces the brokenness, the dissonance and alienation Native American children felt during early 20th century reservation life. <br /><br /><em>*You can find my extended analysis of the novel in the "Exhibits" section.*</em> Subject The topic of the resource <h3>About the Creator:</h3> <em>This project was created, collected, and curated by Daniel Hodge--a Senior English Major from Torrance, CA. My studies revolve around mostly theories involving Race and Gender. In my work, I fought hard to create an honest and accurate portrayal of the experiences on the St. Ignatius Mission based on the materials I was given. It was never my intention to speak for other marginalized groups of people or further silence their experiences. I hope my work was true, honest, and fair. Also, I'd like to note that I hope for my project to spark conversation, further inquiry into the mission, and work to build more projects from it. If you or anyone feels my project does not do that proper work of revealing certain experiences about Mission life, please contact Gonzaga University. Thank you for taking the time to look through my collection.</em> <h3>About the Project: </h3> “The Surrounded” project aims to explore a complicated history revolving the colonial arrival of Jesuit Missionaries onto Native American reservations--particularly the Flathead Reservation in Western Montana. All of the images included in the project are photos extracted from the Jesuit Oregon Province Archives (JOPA) at the Foley Center Library, Gonzaga University. Before talking about the project, it’s important to note that the gaze (or scope) of these materials rely heavily on the point of view from the Jesuit Missionaries. In their attempt to document history, these images did not allow for me to discover the viewpoint or opinions of the Indigenous people to the land. Because of this limitation, the only way to present this material with a level gaze was by contextualizing the resources from the archive, with D’Arcy McNickle's novel, "The Surrounded." <br /><br />In a review, one scholar identified McNickle as, "a distinguished anthropologist and writer, and one of the founders of the National Congress of American Indians, the late D'Arcy McNickle was a member of the Confederated Salish and Kootenai tribes of Montana." The inclusion of McNickle's novel drives the leveling scope of this project because historically, the complicated history of these two cultures is often romanticized by the dominant ideology. Without McNickle’s experienced critiques of this ideology, the project would inevitably fail as because of it’s lack of interrogation with both peoples who inhabited the reservation. <br /><br />The novel takes place on the Flathead Native American Reservation in Montana. McNickle's protagonist, Archilde Leon, goes on a fated journey revealing the complex relationship that developed between the Jesuit Missionaries and the Native American peoples. The novel provides its reader with realistic depictions of reservation life for both the indigenous people to the lands and the Jesuit Missionaries who arrived onto the reservation in the fall of 1854. By providing images and journal entries from historical moments on the Reservation, consumers of my project can then articulate whether the relationship between the two groups was a colonial one, or a intersectional one. With this sudden clash of culture, who was greatly affected? <br /><br />McNickle initially portrays the black robed priests as white settlers who did not arrive hoping to force the indigenous people to assimilate—but as the novel moves a long, and the Native peoples become more demobilized by the white settlers, McNickle reveals a shift in the relationship between the black robes and the local tribes of the Flathead Reservation. McNickle initially portrays the black robed priests as white settlers who did not arrive hoping to force the indigenous people to assimilate—but as the novel moves a long, and the Native peoples become more demobilized by the white settlers, McNickle reveals a shift in the relationship between the black robes and the local tribes of the Flathead Reservation. As the Native peoples became justifiably more rebellious, McNickle depicts the newer black robed priests as a group of peoples who did not care to entertain the history of indigenous cultures—they became solely focused on forced assimilation. On the opening page of the print based text, McNickle adds a note which reads, "they called that place Sniel-emen (mountains of the surrounded) because there they had been set upon and destroyed." Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived All quotes within this collection come from D'Arcy McNickle's novel, <span style="text-decoration:underline;">The Surrounded</span> All resources come from the St. Ignatius Mission Collection, Jesuit Oregon Province Archives. Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource McNickle, D'Arcy. The Surrounded. Ed. Lawrence W. Towner. Albuquerque, NM: U of New Mexico, n.d. Print. Contact the Jesuit Oregon Province Archives, at Gonzaga University, for permission to copy or publish this image. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Daniel Hodge Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Native American Teepees Bordering the Mission Grounds Description An account of the resource A close up view of the St. Ignatius Church and its interior walls. Brother Joseph Carignano painted all 58 art pieces covering the inside of the chapel. The text on the back of the second photo reads: “At Xmas, Easter, and on St. Ignatius day, the [Native Americans] return from their hunts and gather here from all parts of the reservation. They place their tepees any and everywhere, but especially along the roadsides or on the creeks. The white tents, the gaily caparisoned horses, the thousands of scampering cars, the 3000 [Native Americans] (Flatheads, Kootenai, Crees, Blackfeet, Spokane's) in new blankets and trappings revealing the splendors of the rainbow—the olden in groups laughing and chatting, or, weather permitting, playing a kind of checkers or dominoes; the young men playing a kind of lacrosse or baseball, or showing off their horsemanship before the schoolgirls; the women wandering from tent to tent with presents, tales of the hunt, or gossip; the youngsters everywhere— made a picture that Buffalo Bill could not equal, and that alas is fast disappearing forever.” This reveals that the rhetoric referring to Native lifestyle would vary depending upon the Jesuit who wrote the note or took the picture. In this text, the tone is much less colonial, and much more expressive of Native culture. Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived St. Ignatius Mission Collection, Jesuit Oregon Province Archives Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Contact the Jesuit Oregon Province Archives, at Gonzaga University, for permission to copy or publish this image. Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource JPG. Type The nature or genre of the resource Still Image. Subject The topic of the resource These images capture a common gathering of Native Americans that happened on various holidays throughout the year. Flathead Reservation Jesuits Native American Huts St. Ignatius Mission http://as-dh.gonzaga.edu/omeka/files/original/8097b0b8e2b4751091630ab8e617a550.jpg a457d74d4a90d0ac0572a01357e3d01e http://as-dh.gonzaga.edu/omeka/files/original/8767e5d6c3b5517000aa9116cba2788a.jpg 434bef9c97be91bbba3509c002738b5f Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource <h2>The Fated Surroundings</h2> Description An account of the resource <h3>General Summary of D'Arcy McNickel's Novel, "The Surrounded"(This summary comes as an afterword written by Lawrence W. Towner):</h3> "As 'The Surrounded' opens, Archilde Leon has just returned from the big city to his father's ranch on the Flathead Indian Reservation in Montana. The story that unfolds captures the intense and varied conflicts that already characterized reservation life in 1936, when this remarkable novel was first published. Educated at a federal Indian boarding school, Archilde is torn not only between white and Indian cultures but between love for his Spanish father and his Indian mother, who in her old age is rejecting white culture and religion to return to the ways of her people. Archilde's young contemporaries, meanwhile, are succumbing to the destructive influence of reservation life, growing increasingly uprooted, dissolute, hopeless. Although Archilde plans to leave the reservation after a brief visit, his entanglements delay his departure until he faces destruction by the white man's law." <br /><br />By the end of the novel, Archilde truly understands what it means to be "surrounded" by the mountain ranges, a father, a Jesuit Mission, and government laws. McNickle portrays this as a fated journey that is often given to young Native American children forced to attend federal boarding schools. He does not create a romantic caricature of Native life but rather reinforces the brokenness, the dissonance and alienation Native American children felt during early 20th century reservation life. <br /><br /><em>*You can find my extended analysis of the novel in the "Exhibits" section.*</em> Subject The topic of the resource <h3>About the Creator:</h3> <em>This project was created, collected, and curated by Daniel Hodge--a Senior English Major from Torrance, CA. My studies revolve around mostly theories involving Race and Gender. In my work, I fought hard to create an honest and accurate portrayal of the experiences on the St. Ignatius Mission based on the materials I was given. It was never my intention to speak for other marginalized groups of people or further silence their experiences. I hope my work was true, honest, and fair. Also, I'd like to note that I hope for my project to spark conversation, further inquiry into the mission, and work to build more projects from it. If you or anyone feels my project does not do that proper work of revealing certain experiences about Mission life, please contact Gonzaga University. Thank you for taking the time to look through my collection.</em> <h3>About the Project: </h3> “The Surrounded” project aims to explore a complicated history revolving the colonial arrival of Jesuit Missionaries onto Native American reservations--particularly the Flathead Reservation in Western Montana. All of the images included in the project are photos extracted from the Jesuit Oregon Province Archives (JOPA) at the Foley Center Library, Gonzaga University. Before talking about the project, it’s important to note that the gaze (or scope) of these materials rely heavily on the point of view from the Jesuit Missionaries. In their attempt to document history, these images did not allow for me to discover the viewpoint or opinions of the Indigenous people to the land. Because of this limitation, the only way to present this material with a level gaze was by contextualizing the resources from the archive, with D’Arcy McNickle's novel, "The Surrounded." <br /><br />In a review, one scholar identified McNickle as, "a distinguished anthropologist and writer, and one of the founders of the National Congress of American Indians, the late D'Arcy McNickle was a member of the Confederated Salish and Kootenai tribes of Montana." The inclusion of McNickle's novel drives the leveling scope of this project because historically, the complicated history of these two cultures is often romanticized by the dominant ideology. Without McNickle’s experienced critiques of this ideology, the project would inevitably fail as because of it’s lack of interrogation with both peoples who inhabited the reservation. <br /><br />The novel takes place on the Flathead Native American Reservation in Montana. McNickle's protagonist, Archilde Leon, goes on a fated journey revealing the complex relationship that developed between the Jesuit Missionaries and the Native American peoples. The novel provides its reader with realistic depictions of reservation life for both the indigenous people to the lands and the Jesuit Missionaries who arrived onto the reservation in the fall of 1854. By providing images and journal entries from historical moments on the Reservation, consumers of my project can then articulate whether the relationship between the two groups was a colonial one, or a intersectional one. With this sudden clash of culture, who was greatly affected? <br /><br />McNickle initially portrays the black robed priests as white settlers who did not arrive hoping to force the indigenous people to assimilate—but as the novel moves a long, and the Native peoples become more demobilized by the white settlers, McNickle reveals a shift in the relationship between the black robes and the local tribes of the Flathead Reservation. McNickle initially portrays the black robed priests as white settlers who did not arrive hoping to force the indigenous people to assimilate—but as the novel moves a long, and the Native peoples become more demobilized by the white settlers, McNickle reveals a shift in the relationship between the black robes and the local tribes of the Flathead Reservation. As the Native peoples became justifiably more rebellious, McNickle depicts the newer black robed priests as a group of peoples who did not care to entertain the history of indigenous cultures—they became solely focused on forced assimilation. On the opening page of the print based text, McNickle adds a note which reads, "they called that place Sniel-emen (mountains of the surrounded) because there they had been set upon and destroyed." Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived All quotes within this collection come from D'Arcy McNickle's novel, <span style="text-decoration:underline;">The Surrounded</span> All resources come from the St. Ignatius Mission Collection, Jesuit Oregon Province Archives. Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource McNickle, D'Arcy. The Surrounded. Ed. Lawrence W. Towner. Albuquerque, NM: U of New Mexico, n.d. Print. Contact the Jesuit Oregon Province Archives, at Gonzaga University, for permission to copy or publish this image. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Daniel Hodge Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource The Location of the New Church and the Old Native American Huts. Description An account of the resource The text on the back of this image, written by one of the Jesuits, read, “These Indian hits are typical. They are small, but warm and comfortable. One year the [Natives] and [their] friends will cut the logs and haul them from the mts. to the proposed location of his home, for 3 yrs. more he will consider whether he wants it just there or not; in the fourth year [they’ll] haul the logs to a better place, for two years more [they’ll] consider how the house should be built, in the 7th year [they’ll] move back to the old place; in the 8th [they’ll] put up the frame work; in the 9th [they’ll] jolly [themselves] on all [they] have done so far; in the 10th, the house will be completed— by the Fathers for him.” This sort of rhetoric reveals the derogatory opinions many Jesuit Priests imposed onto the Native Americans who thrived on this land for generations. The Jesuits felt they were a more "civilized" peoples who often considered the Natives to be helpless. This stance problematizes the relationship between these two peoples and reveals how it was often a colonial relationship of manipulative power. Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived St. Ignatius Mission Collection, Jesuit Oregon Province Archives Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Contact the Jesuit Oregon Province Archives, at Gonzaga University, for permission to copy or publish this image. Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource JPG. Type The nature or genre of the resource Still Image. Flathead Reservation Jesuits Native American Huts St. Ignatius Mission http://as-dh.gonzaga.edu/omeka/files/original/aa75d071073081c8cac3dd44a00429f2.jpg 1aa9ee8005ffb3880b69cd4eb4a713f1 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource <h2>The Fated Surroundings</h2> Description An account of the resource <h3>General Summary of D'Arcy McNickel's Novel, "The Surrounded"(This summary comes as an afterword written by Lawrence W. Towner):</h3> "As 'The Surrounded' opens, Archilde Leon has just returned from the big city to his father's ranch on the Flathead Indian Reservation in Montana. The story that unfolds captures the intense and varied conflicts that already characterized reservation life in 1936, when this remarkable novel was first published. Educated at a federal Indian boarding school, Archilde is torn not only between white and Indian cultures but between love for his Spanish father and his Indian mother, who in her old age is rejecting white culture and religion to return to the ways of her people. Archilde's young contemporaries, meanwhile, are succumbing to the destructive influence of reservation life, growing increasingly uprooted, dissolute, hopeless. Although Archilde plans to leave the reservation after a brief visit, his entanglements delay his departure until he faces destruction by the white man's law." <br /><br />By the end of the novel, Archilde truly understands what it means to be "surrounded" by the mountain ranges, a father, a Jesuit Mission, and government laws. McNickle portrays this as a fated journey that is often given to young Native American children forced to attend federal boarding schools. He does not create a romantic caricature of Native life but rather reinforces the brokenness, the dissonance and alienation Native American children felt during early 20th century reservation life. <br /><br /><em>*You can find my extended analysis of the novel in the "Exhibits" section.*</em> Subject The topic of the resource <h3>About the Creator:</h3> <em>This project was created, collected, and curated by Daniel Hodge--a Senior English Major from Torrance, CA. My studies revolve around mostly theories involving Race and Gender. In my work, I fought hard to create an honest and accurate portrayal of the experiences on the St. Ignatius Mission based on the materials I was given. It was never my intention to speak for other marginalized groups of people or further silence their experiences. I hope my work was true, honest, and fair. Also, I'd like to note that I hope for my project to spark conversation, further inquiry into the mission, and work to build more projects from it. If you or anyone feels my project does not do that proper work of revealing certain experiences about Mission life, please contact Gonzaga University. Thank you for taking the time to look through my collection.</em> <h3>About the Project: </h3> “The Surrounded” project aims to explore a complicated history revolving the colonial arrival of Jesuit Missionaries onto Native American reservations--particularly the Flathead Reservation in Western Montana. All of the images included in the project are photos extracted from the Jesuit Oregon Province Archives (JOPA) at the Foley Center Library, Gonzaga University. Before talking about the project, it’s important to note that the gaze (or scope) of these materials rely heavily on the point of view from the Jesuit Missionaries. In their attempt to document history, these images did not allow for me to discover the viewpoint or opinions of the Indigenous people to the land. Because of this limitation, the only way to present this material with a level gaze was by contextualizing the resources from the archive, with D’Arcy McNickle's novel, "The Surrounded." <br /><br />In a review, one scholar identified McNickle as, "a distinguished anthropologist and writer, and one of the founders of the National Congress of American Indians, the late D'Arcy McNickle was a member of the Confederated Salish and Kootenai tribes of Montana." The inclusion of McNickle's novel drives the leveling scope of this project because historically, the complicated history of these two cultures is often romanticized by the dominant ideology. Without McNickle’s experienced critiques of this ideology, the project would inevitably fail as because of it’s lack of interrogation with both peoples who inhabited the reservation. <br /><br />The novel takes place on the Flathead Native American Reservation in Montana. McNickle's protagonist, Archilde Leon, goes on a fated journey revealing the complex relationship that developed between the Jesuit Missionaries and the Native American peoples. The novel provides its reader with realistic depictions of reservation life for both the indigenous people to the lands and the Jesuit Missionaries who arrived onto the reservation in the fall of 1854. By providing images and journal entries from historical moments on the Reservation, consumers of my project can then articulate whether the relationship between the two groups was a colonial one, or a intersectional one. With this sudden clash of culture, who was greatly affected? <br /><br />McNickle initially portrays the black robed priests as white settlers who did not arrive hoping to force the indigenous people to assimilate—but as the novel moves a long, and the Native peoples become more demobilized by the white settlers, McNickle reveals a shift in the relationship between the black robes and the local tribes of the Flathead Reservation. McNickle initially portrays the black robed priests as white settlers who did not arrive hoping to force the indigenous people to assimilate—but as the novel moves a long, and the Native peoples become more demobilized by the white settlers, McNickle reveals a shift in the relationship between the black robes and the local tribes of the Flathead Reservation. As the Native peoples became justifiably more rebellious, McNickle depicts the newer black robed priests as a group of peoples who did not care to entertain the history of indigenous cultures—they became solely focused on forced assimilation. On the opening page of the print based text, McNickle adds a note which reads, "they called that place Sniel-emen (mountains of the surrounded) because there they had been set upon and destroyed." Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived All quotes within this collection come from D'Arcy McNickle's novel, <span style="text-decoration:underline;">The Surrounded</span> All resources come from the St. Ignatius Mission Collection, Jesuit Oregon Province Archives. Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource McNickle, D'Arcy. The Surrounded. Ed. Lawrence W. Towner. Albuquerque, NM: U of New Mexico, n.d. Print. Contact the Jesuit Oregon Province Archives, at Gonzaga University, for permission to copy or publish this image. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Daniel Hodge Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Birds Eye View of the Mission Grounds Description An account of the resource Location #4 in the upper right corner was the main school house for young Native American Boys. Many were forced to attend the boarding schools. Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived St. Ignatius Mission Collection, Jesuit Oregon Province Archives Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Contact the Jesuit Oregon Province Archives, at Gonzaga University, for permission to copy or publish this image. Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource JPG. Type The nature or genre of the resource Still Image. Flathead Reservation Jesuits St. Ignatius Mission http://as-dh.gonzaga.edu/omeka/files/original/4dfb9eb38f918cc7c0895aaf13358da7.jpg b8c71712c5ac8775a62f633afd445089 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource <h2>The Fated Surroundings</h2> Description An account of the resource <h3>General Summary of D'Arcy McNickel's Novel, "The Surrounded"(This summary comes as an afterword written by Lawrence W. Towner):</h3> "As 'The Surrounded' opens, Archilde Leon has just returned from the big city to his father's ranch on the Flathead Indian Reservation in Montana. The story that unfolds captures the intense and varied conflicts that already characterized reservation life in 1936, when this remarkable novel was first published. Educated at a federal Indian boarding school, Archilde is torn not only between white and Indian cultures but between love for his Spanish father and his Indian mother, who in her old age is rejecting white culture and religion to return to the ways of her people. Archilde's young contemporaries, meanwhile, are succumbing to the destructive influence of reservation life, growing increasingly uprooted, dissolute, hopeless. Although Archilde plans to leave the reservation after a brief visit, his entanglements delay his departure until he faces destruction by the white man's law." <br /><br />By the end of the novel, Archilde truly understands what it means to be "surrounded" by the mountain ranges, a father, a Jesuit Mission, and government laws. McNickle portrays this as a fated journey that is often given to young Native American children forced to attend federal boarding schools. He does not create a romantic caricature of Native life but rather reinforces the brokenness, the dissonance and alienation Native American children felt during early 20th century reservation life. <br /><br /><em>*You can find my extended analysis of the novel in the "Exhibits" section.*</em> Subject The topic of the resource <h3>About the Creator:</h3> <em>This project was created, collected, and curated by Daniel Hodge--a Senior English Major from Torrance, CA. My studies revolve around mostly theories involving Race and Gender. In my work, I fought hard to create an honest and accurate portrayal of the experiences on the St. Ignatius Mission based on the materials I was given. It was never my intention to speak for other marginalized groups of people or further silence their experiences. I hope my work was true, honest, and fair. Also, I'd like to note that I hope for my project to spark conversation, further inquiry into the mission, and work to build more projects from it. If you or anyone feels my project does not do that proper work of revealing certain experiences about Mission life, please contact Gonzaga University. Thank you for taking the time to look through my collection.</em> <h3>About the Project: </h3> “The Surrounded” project aims to explore a complicated history revolving the colonial arrival of Jesuit Missionaries onto Native American reservations--particularly the Flathead Reservation in Western Montana. All of the images included in the project are photos extracted from the Jesuit Oregon Province Archives (JOPA) at the Foley Center Library, Gonzaga University. Before talking about the project, it’s important to note that the gaze (or scope) of these materials rely heavily on the point of view from the Jesuit Missionaries. In their attempt to document history, these images did not allow for me to discover the viewpoint or opinions of the Indigenous people to the land. Because of this limitation, the only way to present this material with a level gaze was by contextualizing the resources from the archive, with D’Arcy McNickle's novel, "The Surrounded." <br /><br />In a review, one scholar identified McNickle as, "a distinguished anthropologist and writer, and one of the founders of the National Congress of American Indians, the late D'Arcy McNickle was a member of the Confederated Salish and Kootenai tribes of Montana." The inclusion of McNickle's novel drives the leveling scope of this project because historically, the complicated history of these two cultures is often romanticized by the dominant ideology. Without McNickle’s experienced critiques of this ideology, the project would inevitably fail as because of it’s lack of interrogation with both peoples who inhabited the reservation. <br /><br />The novel takes place on the Flathead Native American Reservation in Montana. McNickle's protagonist, Archilde Leon, goes on a fated journey revealing the complex relationship that developed between the Jesuit Missionaries and the Native American peoples. The novel provides its reader with realistic depictions of reservation life for both the indigenous people to the lands and the Jesuit Missionaries who arrived onto the reservation in the fall of 1854. By providing images and journal entries from historical moments on the Reservation, consumers of my project can then articulate whether the relationship between the two groups was a colonial one, or a intersectional one. With this sudden clash of culture, who was greatly affected? <br /><br />McNickle initially portrays the black robed priests as white settlers who did not arrive hoping to force the indigenous people to assimilate—but as the novel moves a long, and the Native peoples become more demobilized by the white settlers, McNickle reveals a shift in the relationship between the black robes and the local tribes of the Flathead Reservation. McNickle initially portrays the black robed priests as white settlers who did not arrive hoping to force the indigenous people to assimilate—but as the novel moves a long, and the Native peoples become more demobilized by the white settlers, McNickle reveals a shift in the relationship between the black robes and the local tribes of the Flathead Reservation. As the Native peoples became justifiably more rebellious, McNickle depicts the newer black robed priests as a group of peoples who did not care to entertain the history of indigenous cultures—they became solely focused on forced assimilation. On the opening page of the print based text, McNickle adds a note which reads, "they called that place Sniel-emen (mountains of the surrounded) because there they had been set upon and destroyed." Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived All quotes within this collection come from D'Arcy McNickle's novel, <span style="text-decoration:underline;">The Surrounded</span> All resources come from the St. Ignatius Mission Collection, Jesuit Oregon Province Archives. Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource McNickle, D'Arcy. The Surrounded. Ed. Lawrence W. Towner. Albuquerque, NM: U of New Mexico, n.d. Print. Contact the Jesuit Oregon Province Archives, at Gonzaga University, for permission to copy or publish this image. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Daniel Hodge Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource The Jesuit House and St. Ignatius Mission Church Description An account of the resource Location Number Description: 2) A newer image of the Jesuit house that was built beside the new mission church. In this image you can see the modern landscaping added to the exterior of the grounds. 3) The St. Ignatius Mission Church can now be seen with the cross built into the top balcony. Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived St. Ignatius Mission Collection, Jesuit Oregon Province Archives Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource Early 1900s Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Contact the Jesuit Oregon Province Archives, at Gonzaga University, for permission to copy or publish this image. Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource JPG. Type The nature or genre of the resource Still Image. Flathead Reservation Jesuits St. Ignatius Mission