1 10 25 http://as-dh.gonzaga.edu/omeka/files/original/29a2c53a7c30cbd5e795f5a919eb2677.jpg c97c6cc954b9a5a82092d9d9ecde2bdf http://as-dh.gonzaga.edu/omeka/files/original/1a4db56dbe5c0a1825ed8cec2dc2be4d.jpg 8c587832263f3987762b9deb9d5ec290 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource <h2>The Fated Surroundings</h2> Description An account of the resource <h3>General Summary of D'Arcy McNickel's Novel, "The Surrounded"(This summary comes as an afterword written by Lawrence W. Towner):</h3> "As 'The Surrounded' opens, Archilde Leon has just returned from the big city to his father's ranch on the Flathead Indian Reservation in Montana. The story that unfolds captures the intense and varied conflicts that already characterized reservation life in 1936, when this remarkable novel was first published. Educated at a federal Indian boarding school, Archilde is torn not only between white and Indian cultures but between love for his Spanish father and his Indian mother, who in her old age is rejecting white culture and religion to return to the ways of her people. Archilde's young contemporaries, meanwhile, are succumbing to the destructive influence of reservation life, growing increasingly uprooted, dissolute, hopeless. Although Archilde plans to leave the reservation after a brief visit, his entanglements delay his departure until he faces destruction by the white man's law." <br /><br />By the end of the novel, Archilde truly understands what it means to be "surrounded" by the mountain ranges, a father, a Jesuit Mission, and government laws. McNickle portrays this as a fated journey that is often given to young Native American children forced to attend federal boarding schools. He does not create a romantic caricature of Native life but rather reinforces the brokenness, the dissonance and alienation Native American children felt during early 20th century reservation life. <br /><br /><em>*You can find my extended analysis of the novel in the "Exhibits" section.*</em> Subject The topic of the resource <h3>About the Creator:</h3> <em>This project was created, collected, and curated by Daniel Hodge--a Senior English Major from Torrance, CA. My studies revolve around mostly theories involving Race and Gender. In my work, I fought hard to create an honest and accurate portrayal of the experiences on the St. Ignatius Mission based on the materials I was given. It was never my intention to speak for other marginalized groups of people or further silence their experiences. I hope my work was true, honest, and fair. Also, I'd like to note that I hope for my project to spark conversation, further inquiry into the mission, and work to build more projects from it. If you or anyone feels my project does not do that proper work of revealing certain experiences about Mission life, please contact Gonzaga University. Thank you for taking the time to look through my collection.</em> <h3>About the Project: </h3> “The Surrounded” project aims to explore a complicated history revolving the colonial arrival of Jesuit Missionaries onto Native American reservations--particularly the Flathead Reservation in Western Montana. All of the images included in the project are photos extracted from the Jesuit Oregon Province Archives (JOPA) at the Foley Center Library, Gonzaga University. Before talking about the project, it’s important to note that the gaze (or scope) of these materials rely heavily on the point of view from the Jesuit Missionaries. In their attempt to document history, these images did not allow for me to discover the viewpoint or opinions of the Indigenous people to the land. Because of this limitation, the only way to present this material with a level gaze was by contextualizing the resources from the archive, with D’Arcy McNickle's novel, "The Surrounded." <br /><br />In a review, one scholar identified McNickle as, "a distinguished anthropologist and writer, and one of the founders of the National Congress of American Indians, the late D'Arcy McNickle was a member of the Confederated Salish and Kootenai tribes of Montana." The inclusion of McNickle's novel drives the leveling scope of this project because historically, the complicated history of these two cultures is often romanticized by the dominant ideology. Without McNickle’s experienced critiques of this ideology, the project would inevitably fail as because of it’s lack of interrogation with both peoples who inhabited the reservation. <br /><br />The novel takes place on the Flathead Native American Reservation in Montana. McNickle's protagonist, Archilde Leon, goes on a fated journey revealing the complex relationship that developed between the Jesuit Missionaries and the Native American peoples. The novel provides its reader with realistic depictions of reservation life for both the indigenous people to the lands and the Jesuit Missionaries who arrived onto the reservation in the fall of 1854. By providing images and journal entries from historical moments on the Reservation, consumers of my project can then articulate whether the relationship between the two groups was a colonial one, or a intersectional one. With this sudden clash of culture, who was greatly affected? <br /><br />McNickle initially portrays the black robed priests as white settlers who did not arrive hoping to force the indigenous people to assimilate—but as the novel moves a long, and the Native peoples become more demobilized by the white settlers, McNickle reveals a shift in the relationship between the black robes and the local tribes of the Flathead Reservation. McNickle initially portrays the black robed priests as white settlers who did not arrive hoping to force the indigenous people to assimilate—but as the novel moves a long, and the Native peoples become more demobilized by the white settlers, McNickle reveals a shift in the relationship between the black robes and the local tribes of the Flathead Reservation. As the Native peoples became justifiably more rebellious, McNickle depicts the newer black robed priests as a group of peoples who did not care to entertain the history of indigenous cultures—they became solely focused on forced assimilation. On the opening page of the print based text, McNickle adds a note which reads, "they called that place Sniel-emen (mountains of the surrounded) because there they had been set upon and destroyed." Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived All quotes within this collection come from D'Arcy McNickle's novel, <span style="text-decoration:underline;">The Surrounded</span> All resources come from the St. Ignatius Mission Collection, Jesuit Oregon Province Archives. Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource McNickle, D'Arcy. The Surrounded. Ed. Lawrence W. Towner. Albuquerque, NM: U of New Mexico, n.d. Print. Contact the Jesuit Oregon Province Archives, at Gonzaga University, for permission to copy or publish this image. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Daniel Hodge Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Jesuit House Diary Description An account of the resource Starting at the end of line 27, the written text reads: "Tonight 5 boys run away without any motive. One of them, Louis Malt, is caught at once, and sent to jail where he will remain till Friday morning, when he will be expelled from school." Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived St. Ignatius Mission Collection, Jesuit Oregon Province Archives. Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Contact the Jesuit Oregon Province Archives, at Gonzaga University, for permission to copy or publish this image. Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource JPG. Type The nature or genre of the resource Still Image. House Diary Jesuit House Jesuits St. Ignatius Mission http://as-dh.gonzaga.edu/omeka/files/original/c24a53cf2bc0b8f95a935ead4fdebb48.jpg 2eb2a82040f8218301dbd5f7dd79f526 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource <h2>The Fated Surroundings</h2> Description An account of the resource <h3>General Summary of D'Arcy McNickel's Novel, "The Surrounded"(This summary comes as an afterword written by Lawrence W. Towner):</h3> "As 'The Surrounded' opens, Archilde Leon has just returned from the big city to his father's ranch on the Flathead Indian Reservation in Montana. The story that unfolds captures the intense and varied conflicts that already characterized reservation life in 1936, when this remarkable novel was first published. Educated at a federal Indian boarding school, Archilde is torn not only between white and Indian cultures but between love for his Spanish father and his Indian mother, who in her old age is rejecting white culture and religion to return to the ways of her people. Archilde's young contemporaries, meanwhile, are succumbing to the destructive influence of reservation life, growing increasingly uprooted, dissolute, hopeless. Although Archilde plans to leave the reservation after a brief visit, his entanglements delay his departure until he faces destruction by the white man's law." <br /><br />By the end of the novel, Archilde truly understands what it means to be "surrounded" by the mountain ranges, a father, a Jesuit Mission, and government laws. McNickle portrays this as a fated journey that is often given to young Native American children forced to attend federal boarding schools. He does not create a romantic caricature of Native life but rather reinforces the brokenness, the dissonance and alienation Native American children felt during early 20th century reservation life. <br /><br /><em>*You can find my extended analysis of the novel in the "Exhibits" section.*</em> Subject The topic of the resource <h3>About the Creator:</h3> <em>This project was created, collected, and curated by Daniel Hodge--a Senior English Major from Torrance, CA. My studies revolve around mostly theories involving Race and Gender. In my work, I fought hard to create an honest and accurate portrayal of the experiences on the St. Ignatius Mission based on the materials I was given. It was never my intention to speak for other marginalized groups of people or further silence their experiences. I hope my work was true, honest, and fair. Also, I'd like to note that I hope for my project to spark conversation, further inquiry into the mission, and work to build more projects from it. If you or anyone feels my project does not do that proper work of revealing certain experiences about Mission life, please contact Gonzaga University. Thank you for taking the time to look through my collection.</em> <h3>About the Project: </h3> “The Surrounded” project aims to explore a complicated history revolving the colonial arrival of Jesuit Missionaries onto Native American reservations--particularly the Flathead Reservation in Western Montana. All of the images included in the project are photos extracted from the Jesuit Oregon Province Archives (JOPA) at the Foley Center Library, Gonzaga University. Before talking about the project, it’s important to note that the gaze (or scope) of these materials rely heavily on the point of view from the Jesuit Missionaries. In their attempt to document history, these images did not allow for me to discover the viewpoint or opinions of the Indigenous people to the land. Because of this limitation, the only way to present this material with a level gaze was by contextualizing the resources from the archive, with D’Arcy McNickle's novel, "The Surrounded." <br /><br />In a review, one scholar identified McNickle as, "a distinguished anthropologist and writer, and one of the founders of the National Congress of American Indians, the late D'Arcy McNickle was a member of the Confederated Salish and Kootenai tribes of Montana." The inclusion of McNickle's novel drives the leveling scope of this project because historically, the complicated history of these two cultures is often romanticized by the dominant ideology. Without McNickle’s experienced critiques of this ideology, the project would inevitably fail as because of it’s lack of interrogation with both peoples who inhabited the reservation. <br /><br />The novel takes place on the Flathead Native American Reservation in Montana. McNickle's protagonist, Archilde Leon, goes on a fated journey revealing the complex relationship that developed between the Jesuit Missionaries and the Native American peoples. The novel provides its reader with realistic depictions of reservation life for both the indigenous people to the lands and the Jesuit Missionaries who arrived onto the reservation in the fall of 1854. By providing images and journal entries from historical moments on the Reservation, consumers of my project can then articulate whether the relationship between the two groups was a colonial one, or a intersectional one. With this sudden clash of culture, who was greatly affected? <br /><br />McNickle initially portrays the black robed priests as white settlers who did not arrive hoping to force the indigenous people to assimilate—but as the novel moves a long, and the Native peoples become more demobilized by the white settlers, McNickle reveals a shift in the relationship between the black robes and the local tribes of the Flathead Reservation. McNickle initially portrays the black robed priests as white settlers who did not arrive hoping to force the indigenous people to assimilate—but as the novel moves a long, and the Native peoples become more demobilized by the white settlers, McNickle reveals a shift in the relationship between the black robes and the local tribes of the Flathead Reservation. As the Native peoples became justifiably more rebellious, McNickle depicts the newer black robed priests as a group of peoples who did not care to entertain the history of indigenous cultures—they became solely focused on forced assimilation. On the opening page of the print based text, McNickle adds a note which reads, "they called that place Sniel-emen (mountains of the surrounded) because there they had been set upon and destroyed." Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived All quotes within this collection come from D'Arcy McNickle's novel, <span style="text-decoration:underline;">The Surrounded</span> All resources come from the St. Ignatius Mission Collection, Jesuit Oregon Province Archives. Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource McNickle, D'Arcy. The Surrounded. Ed. Lawrence W. Towner. Albuquerque, NM: U of New Mexico, n.d. Print. Contact the Jesuit Oregon Province Archives, at Gonzaga University, for permission to copy or publish this image. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Daniel Hodge Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Welcome Sign to the Reservation Description An account of the resource The sign reads: “The Indians on this reservation belong to the Flathead, Kalispell, Spokane, Kootenai, and Pend d’Oreille tribes. Lewis and Clark met the Flatheads in 1805 and described them and their allies the New Perce as being friendly and exceptional Indians. They call themselves the “Selish,” Flathead being a misnomer applied by the whites. They frequently crossed the mountains to the plains to hunt buffalo and there clashed with the Blackfeet, their hereditary enemies. Many of the French and Scotch names amongst them came from marriage with Hudson Bay Co. Trappers and traders in the early fur days.” Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived St. Ignatius Mission Collection, Jesuit Oregon Province Archives. Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Contact the Jesuit Oregon Province Archives, at Gonzaga University, for permission to copy or publish this image. Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource JPG. Type The nature or genre of the resource Still Image. Flathead Reservation Tribes Welcome Sign http://as-dh.gonzaga.edu/omeka/files/original/52b8aa6daa487719db655da0c9251be2.jpg b0563b7ca3151ff7394d395c6c444810 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource <h2>The Fated Surroundings</h2> Description An account of the resource <h3>General Summary of D'Arcy McNickel's Novel, "The Surrounded"(This summary comes as an afterword written by Lawrence W. Towner):</h3> "As 'The Surrounded' opens, Archilde Leon has just returned from the big city to his father's ranch on the Flathead Indian Reservation in Montana. The story that unfolds captures the intense and varied conflicts that already characterized reservation life in 1936, when this remarkable novel was first published. Educated at a federal Indian boarding school, Archilde is torn not only between white and Indian cultures but between love for his Spanish father and his Indian mother, who in her old age is rejecting white culture and religion to return to the ways of her people. Archilde's young contemporaries, meanwhile, are succumbing to the destructive influence of reservation life, growing increasingly uprooted, dissolute, hopeless. Although Archilde plans to leave the reservation after a brief visit, his entanglements delay his departure until he faces destruction by the white man's law." <br /><br />By the end of the novel, Archilde truly understands what it means to be "surrounded" by the mountain ranges, a father, a Jesuit Mission, and government laws. McNickle portrays this as a fated journey that is often given to young Native American children forced to attend federal boarding schools. He does not create a romantic caricature of Native life but rather reinforces the brokenness, the dissonance and alienation Native American children felt during early 20th century reservation life. <br /><br /><em>*You can find my extended analysis of the novel in the "Exhibits" section.*</em> Subject The topic of the resource <h3>About the Creator:</h3> <em>This project was created, collected, and curated by Daniel Hodge--a Senior English Major from Torrance, CA. My studies revolve around mostly theories involving Race and Gender. In my work, I fought hard to create an honest and accurate portrayal of the experiences on the St. Ignatius Mission based on the materials I was given. It was never my intention to speak for other marginalized groups of people or further silence their experiences. I hope my work was true, honest, and fair. Also, I'd like to note that I hope for my project to spark conversation, further inquiry into the mission, and work to build more projects from it. If you or anyone feels my project does not do that proper work of revealing certain experiences about Mission life, please contact Gonzaga University. Thank you for taking the time to look through my collection.</em> <h3>About the Project: </h3> “The Surrounded” project aims to explore a complicated history revolving the colonial arrival of Jesuit Missionaries onto Native American reservations--particularly the Flathead Reservation in Western Montana. All of the images included in the project are photos extracted from the Jesuit Oregon Province Archives (JOPA) at the Foley Center Library, Gonzaga University. Before talking about the project, it’s important to note that the gaze (or scope) of these materials rely heavily on the point of view from the Jesuit Missionaries. In their attempt to document history, these images did not allow for me to discover the viewpoint or opinions of the Indigenous people to the land. Because of this limitation, the only way to present this material with a level gaze was by contextualizing the resources from the archive, with D’Arcy McNickle's novel, "The Surrounded." <br /><br />In a review, one scholar identified McNickle as, "a distinguished anthropologist and writer, and one of the founders of the National Congress of American Indians, the late D'Arcy McNickle was a member of the Confederated Salish and Kootenai tribes of Montana." The inclusion of McNickle's novel drives the leveling scope of this project because historically, the complicated history of these two cultures is often romanticized by the dominant ideology. Without McNickle’s experienced critiques of this ideology, the project would inevitably fail as because of it’s lack of interrogation with both peoples who inhabited the reservation. <br /><br />The novel takes place on the Flathead Native American Reservation in Montana. McNickle's protagonist, Archilde Leon, goes on a fated journey revealing the complex relationship that developed between the Jesuit Missionaries and the Native American peoples. The novel provides its reader with realistic depictions of reservation life for both the indigenous people to the lands and the Jesuit Missionaries who arrived onto the reservation in the fall of 1854. By providing images and journal entries from historical moments on the Reservation, consumers of my project can then articulate whether the relationship between the two groups was a colonial one, or a intersectional one. With this sudden clash of culture, who was greatly affected? <br /><br />McNickle initially portrays the black robed priests as white settlers who did not arrive hoping to force the indigenous people to assimilate—but as the novel moves a long, and the Native peoples become more demobilized by the white settlers, McNickle reveals a shift in the relationship between the black robes and the local tribes of the Flathead Reservation. McNickle initially portrays the black robed priests as white settlers who did not arrive hoping to force the indigenous people to assimilate—but as the novel moves a long, and the Native peoples become more demobilized by the white settlers, McNickle reveals a shift in the relationship between the black robes and the local tribes of the Flathead Reservation. As the Native peoples became justifiably more rebellious, McNickle depicts the newer black robed priests as a group of peoples who did not care to entertain the history of indigenous cultures—they became solely focused on forced assimilation. On the opening page of the print based text, McNickle adds a note which reads, "they called that place Sniel-emen (mountains of the surrounded) because there they had been set upon and destroyed." Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived All quotes within this collection come from D'Arcy McNickle's novel, <span style="text-decoration:underline;">The Surrounded</span> All resources come from the St. Ignatius Mission Collection, Jesuit Oregon Province Archives. Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource McNickle, D'Arcy. The Surrounded. Ed. Lawrence W. Towner. Albuquerque, NM: U of New Mexico, n.d. Print. Contact the Jesuit Oregon Province Archives, at Gonzaga University, for permission to copy or publish this image. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Daniel Hodge Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Native American Woman Description An account of the resource Historically, the female perspective has been completely disregarded or erased and this was one of the few images within the collection where women were the focus of the image. Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived St. Ignatius Mission Collection, Jesuit Oregon Province Archives. Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Contact the Jesuit Oregon Province Archives, at Gonzaga University, for permission to copy or publish this image. Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource JPG. Type The nature or genre of the resource Still Image. Native American Celebration Native American Women http://as-dh.gonzaga.edu/omeka/files/original/345c545e12cecaee1d5962ac824f2ebf.jpg ffdb17f3e8eb6bbb2f4b28ae2ff5c8ae http://as-dh.gonzaga.edu/omeka/files/original/56e760861907fa3ba7e36cf3ce30b8df.jpg a94badd47db6ce957169b7ede024be73 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource <h2>The Fated Surroundings</h2> Description An account of the resource <h3>General Summary of D'Arcy McNickel's Novel, "The Surrounded"(This summary comes as an afterword written by Lawrence W. Towner):</h3> "As 'The Surrounded' opens, Archilde Leon has just returned from the big city to his father's ranch on the Flathead Indian Reservation in Montana. The story that unfolds captures the intense and varied conflicts that already characterized reservation life in 1936, when this remarkable novel was first published. Educated at a federal Indian boarding school, Archilde is torn not only between white and Indian cultures but between love for his Spanish father and his Indian mother, who in her old age is rejecting white culture and religion to return to the ways of her people. Archilde's young contemporaries, meanwhile, are succumbing to the destructive influence of reservation life, growing increasingly uprooted, dissolute, hopeless. Although Archilde plans to leave the reservation after a brief visit, his entanglements delay his departure until he faces destruction by the white man's law." <br /><br />By the end of the novel, Archilde truly understands what it means to be "surrounded" by the mountain ranges, a father, a Jesuit Mission, and government laws. McNickle portrays this as a fated journey that is often given to young Native American children forced to attend federal boarding schools. He does not create a romantic caricature of Native life but rather reinforces the brokenness, the dissonance and alienation Native American children felt during early 20th century reservation life. <br /><br /><em>*You can find my extended analysis of the novel in the "Exhibits" section.*</em> Subject The topic of the resource <h3>About the Creator:</h3> <em>This project was created, collected, and curated by Daniel Hodge--a Senior English Major from Torrance, CA. My studies revolve around mostly theories involving Race and Gender. In my work, I fought hard to create an honest and accurate portrayal of the experiences on the St. Ignatius Mission based on the materials I was given. It was never my intention to speak for other marginalized groups of people or further silence their experiences. I hope my work was true, honest, and fair. Also, I'd like to note that I hope for my project to spark conversation, further inquiry into the mission, and work to build more projects from it. If you or anyone feels my project does not do that proper work of revealing certain experiences about Mission life, please contact Gonzaga University. Thank you for taking the time to look through my collection.</em> <h3>About the Project: </h3> “The Surrounded” project aims to explore a complicated history revolving the colonial arrival of Jesuit Missionaries onto Native American reservations--particularly the Flathead Reservation in Western Montana. All of the images included in the project are photos extracted from the Jesuit Oregon Province Archives (JOPA) at the Foley Center Library, Gonzaga University. Before talking about the project, it’s important to note that the gaze (or scope) of these materials rely heavily on the point of view from the Jesuit Missionaries. In their attempt to document history, these images did not allow for me to discover the viewpoint or opinions of the Indigenous people to the land. Because of this limitation, the only way to present this material with a level gaze was by contextualizing the resources from the archive, with D’Arcy McNickle's novel, "The Surrounded." <br /><br />In a review, one scholar identified McNickle as, "a distinguished anthropologist and writer, and one of the founders of the National Congress of American Indians, the late D'Arcy McNickle was a member of the Confederated Salish and Kootenai tribes of Montana." The inclusion of McNickle's novel drives the leveling scope of this project because historically, the complicated history of these two cultures is often romanticized by the dominant ideology. Without McNickle’s experienced critiques of this ideology, the project would inevitably fail as because of it’s lack of interrogation with both peoples who inhabited the reservation. <br /><br />The novel takes place on the Flathead Native American Reservation in Montana. McNickle's protagonist, Archilde Leon, goes on a fated journey revealing the complex relationship that developed between the Jesuit Missionaries and the Native American peoples. The novel provides its reader with realistic depictions of reservation life for both the indigenous people to the lands and the Jesuit Missionaries who arrived onto the reservation in the fall of 1854. By providing images and journal entries from historical moments on the Reservation, consumers of my project can then articulate whether the relationship between the two groups was a colonial one, or a intersectional one. With this sudden clash of culture, who was greatly affected? <br /><br />McNickle initially portrays the black robed priests as white settlers who did not arrive hoping to force the indigenous people to assimilate—but as the novel moves a long, and the Native peoples become more demobilized by the white settlers, McNickle reveals a shift in the relationship between the black robes and the local tribes of the Flathead Reservation. McNickle initially portrays the black robed priests as white settlers who did not arrive hoping to force the indigenous people to assimilate—but as the novel moves a long, and the Native peoples become more demobilized by the white settlers, McNickle reveals a shift in the relationship between the black robes and the local tribes of the Flathead Reservation. As the Native peoples became justifiably more rebellious, McNickle depicts the newer black robed priests as a group of peoples who did not care to entertain the history of indigenous cultures—they became solely focused on forced assimilation. On the opening page of the print based text, McNickle adds a note which reads, "they called that place Sniel-emen (mountains of the surrounded) because there they had been set upon and destroyed." Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived All quotes within this collection come from D'Arcy McNickle's novel, <span style="text-decoration:underline;">The Surrounded</span> All resources come from the St. Ignatius Mission Collection, Jesuit Oregon Province Archives. Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource McNickle, D'Arcy. The Surrounded. Ed. Lawrence W. Towner. Albuquerque, NM: U of New Mexico, n.d. Print. Contact the Jesuit Oregon Province Archives, at Gonzaga University, for permission to copy or publish this image. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Daniel Hodge Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Jesuit Missionaries in Native American Attire Description An account of the resource Many Jesuit priests attempted to facilitate the intersection of diverse cultures by participating in Native Traditions and learning the indigenous languages. Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived St. Ignatius Mission Collection, Jesuit Oregon Province Archives. Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Contact the Jesuit Oregon Province Archives, at Gonzaga University, for permission to copy or publish this image. Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource JPG. Type The nature or genre of the resource Still Image. Jesuits Native American Celebration St. Ignatius Church St. Ignatius Mission http://as-dh.gonzaga.edu/omeka/files/original/528f04344c2887f69d7de88ced8267de.jpg cf90f39a07d53fbfd513a66dede0748a http://as-dh.gonzaga.edu/omeka/files/original/19a084cc25ffc6efda72374f94f92f5f.jpg 71faf3f7485a38c6b74cd71958b45d13 http://as-dh.gonzaga.edu/omeka/files/original/177cbe9f6c9ffe703d79f2aa0022ac9b.jpg 2375638ea1d0f21f6be35a51df058c1e http://as-dh.gonzaga.edu/omeka/files/original/55cc4df90590dd4d1cbed97b95488960.jpg 80f09ee86b2077a3363e2e689f5c7574 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource <h2>The Fated Surroundings</h2> Description An account of the resource <h3>General Summary of D'Arcy McNickel's Novel, "The Surrounded"(This summary comes as an afterword written by Lawrence W. Towner):</h3> "As 'The Surrounded' opens, Archilde Leon has just returned from the big city to his father's ranch on the Flathead Indian Reservation in Montana. The story that unfolds captures the intense and varied conflicts that already characterized reservation life in 1936, when this remarkable novel was first published. Educated at a federal Indian boarding school, Archilde is torn not only between white and Indian cultures but between love for his Spanish father and his Indian mother, who in her old age is rejecting white culture and religion to return to the ways of her people. Archilde's young contemporaries, meanwhile, are succumbing to the destructive influence of reservation life, growing increasingly uprooted, dissolute, hopeless. Although Archilde plans to leave the reservation after a brief visit, his entanglements delay his departure until he faces destruction by the white man's law." <br /><br />By the end of the novel, Archilde truly understands what it means to be "surrounded" by the mountain ranges, a father, a Jesuit Mission, and government laws. McNickle portrays this as a fated journey that is often given to young Native American children forced to attend federal boarding schools. He does not create a romantic caricature of Native life but rather reinforces the brokenness, the dissonance and alienation Native American children felt during early 20th century reservation life. <br /><br /><em>*You can find my extended analysis of the novel in the "Exhibits" section.*</em> Subject The topic of the resource <h3>About the Creator:</h3> <em>This project was created, collected, and curated by Daniel Hodge--a Senior English Major from Torrance, CA. My studies revolve around mostly theories involving Race and Gender. In my work, I fought hard to create an honest and accurate portrayal of the experiences on the St. Ignatius Mission based on the materials I was given. It was never my intention to speak for other marginalized groups of people or further silence their experiences. I hope my work was true, honest, and fair. Also, I'd like to note that I hope for my project to spark conversation, further inquiry into the mission, and work to build more projects from it. If you or anyone feels my project does not do that proper work of revealing certain experiences about Mission life, please contact Gonzaga University. Thank you for taking the time to look through my collection.</em> <h3>About the Project: </h3> “The Surrounded” project aims to explore a complicated history revolving the colonial arrival of Jesuit Missionaries onto Native American reservations--particularly the Flathead Reservation in Western Montana. All of the images included in the project are photos extracted from the Jesuit Oregon Province Archives (JOPA) at the Foley Center Library, Gonzaga University. Before talking about the project, it’s important to note that the gaze (or scope) of these materials rely heavily on the point of view from the Jesuit Missionaries. In their attempt to document history, these images did not allow for me to discover the viewpoint or opinions of the Indigenous people to the land. Because of this limitation, the only way to present this material with a level gaze was by contextualizing the resources from the archive, with D’Arcy McNickle's novel, "The Surrounded." <br /><br />In a review, one scholar identified McNickle as, "a distinguished anthropologist and writer, and one of the founders of the National Congress of American Indians, the late D'Arcy McNickle was a member of the Confederated Salish and Kootenai tribes of Montana." The inclusion of McNickle's novel drives the leveling scope of this project because historically, the complicated history of these two cultures is often romanticized by the dominant ideology. Without McNickle’s experienced critiques of this ideology, the project would inevitably fail as because of it’s lack of interrogation with both peoples who inhabited the reservation. <br /><br />The novel takes place on the Flathead Native American Reservation in Montana. McNickle's protagonist, Archilde Leon, goes on a fated journey revealing the complex relationship that developed between the Jesuit Missionaries and the Native American peoples. The novel provides its reader with realistic depictions of reservation life for both the indigenous people to the lands and the Jesuit Missionaries who arrived onto the reservation in the fall of 1854. By providing images and journal entries from historical moments on the Reservation, consumers of my project can then articulate whether the relationship between the two groups was a colonial one, or a intersectional one. With this sudden clash of culture, who was greatly affected? <br /><br />McNickle initially portrays the black robed priests as white settlers who did not arrive hoping to force the indigenous people to assimilate—but as the novel moves a long, and the Native peoples become more demobilized by the white settlers, McNickle reveals a shift in the relationship between the black robes and the local tribes of the Flathead Reservation. McNickle initially portrays the black robed priests as white settlers who did not arrive hoping to force the indigenous people to assimilate—but as the novel moves a long, and the Native peoples become more demobilized by the white settlers, McNickle reveals a shift in the relationship between the black robes and the local tribes of the Flathead Reservation. As the Native peoples became justifiably more rebellious, McNickle depicts the newer black robed priests as a group of peoples who did not care to entertain the history of indigenous cultures—they became solely focused on forced assimilation. On the opening page of the print based text, McNickle adds a note which reads, "they called that place Sniel-emen (mountains of the surrounded) because there they had been set upon and destroyed." Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived All quotes within this collection come from D'Arcy McNickle's novel, <span style="text-decoration:underline;">The Surrounded</span> All resources come from the St. Ignatius Mission Collection, Jesuit Oregon Province Archives. Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource McNickle, D'Arcy. The Surrounded. Ed. Lawrence W. Towner. Albuquerque, NM: U of New Mexico, n.d. Print. Contact the Jesuit Oregon Province Archives, at Gonzaga University, for permission to copy or publish this image. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Daniel Hodge Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Intercultural Celebration Description An account of the resource Both the Jesuit missionaries and the Native American members of the congregation found ways to integrate one another culture into a mutual celebration. Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived St. Ignatius Mission Collection, Jesuit Oregon Province Archives. Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Contact the Jesuit Oregon Province Archives, at Gonzaga University, for permission to copy or publish this image. Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource JPG. Type The nature or genre of the resource Still Image. Church Mass Native American Celebration St. Ignatius Mission http://as-dh.gonzaga.edu/omeka/files/original/ff3532478fb89b538235b12952eb4227.jpg dfa852d3afad2986f3e29c65a97d7c00 http://as-dh.gonzaga.edu/omeka/files/original/df8637c726232efa894e60ea42ac2e70.jpg 7838399c5b32e2870d96a9a578709224 http://as-dh.gonzaga.edu/omeka/files/original/7527a998ce09b32706e4cada29b9a782.jpg 8bfabe6895bd0a48029af4d84f851e39 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource <h2>The Fated Surroundings</h2> Description An account of the resource <h3>General Summary of D'Arcy McNickel's Novel, "The Surrounded"(This summary comes as an afterword written by Lawrence W. Towner):</h3> "As 'The Surrounded' opens, Archilde Leon has just returned from the big city to his father's ranch on the Flathead Indian Reservation in Montana. The story that unfolds captures the intense and varied conflicts that already characterized reservation life in 1936, when this remarkable novel was first published. Educated at a federal Indian boarding school, Archilde is torn not only between white and Indian cultures but between love for his Spanish father and his Indian mother, who in her old age is rejecting white culture and religion to return to the ways of her people. Archilde's young contemporaries, meanwhile, are succumbing to the destructive influence of reservation life, growing increasingly uprooted, dissolute, hopeless. Although Archilde plans to leave the reservation after a brief visit, his entanglements delay his departure until he faces destruction by the white man's law." <br /><br />By the end of the novel, Archilde truly understands what it means to be "surrounded" by the mountain ranges, a father, a Jesuit Mission, and government laws. McNickle portrays this as a fated journey that is often given to young Native American children forced to attend federal boarding schools. He does not create a romantic caricature of Native life but rather reinforces the brokenness, the dissonance and alienation Native American children felt during early 20th century reservation life. <br /><br /><em>*You can find my extended analysis of the novel in the "Exhibits" section.*</em> Subject The topic of the resource <h3>About the Creator:</h3> <em>This project was created, collected, and curated by Daniel Hodge--a Senior English Major from Torrance, CA. My studies revolve around mostly theories involving Race and Gender. In my work, I fought hard to create an honest and accurate portrayal of the experiences on the St. Ignatius Mission based on the materials I was given. It was never my intention to speak for other marginalized groups of people or further silence their experiences. I hope my work was true, honest, and fair. Also, I'd like to note that I hope for my project to spark conversation, further inquiry into the mission, and work to build more projects from it. If you or anyone feels my project does not do that proper work of revealing certain experiences about Mission life, please contact Gonzaga University. Thank you for taking the time to look through my collection.</em> <h3>About the Project: </h3> “The Surrounded” project aims to explore a complicated history revolving the colonial arrival of Jesuit Missionaries onto Native American reservations--particularly the Flathead Reservation in Western Montana. All of the images included in the project are photos extracted from the Jesuit Oregon Province Archives (JOPA) at the Foley Center Library, Gonzaga University. Before talking about the project, it’s important to note that the gaze (or scope) of these materials rely heavily on the point of view from the Jesuit Missionaries. In their attempt to document history, these images did not allow for me to discover the viewpoint or opinions of the Indigenous people to the land. Because of this limitation, the only way to present this material with a level gaze was by contextualizing the resources from the archive, with D’Arcy McNickle's novel, "The Surrounded." <br /><br />In a review, one scholar identified McNickle as, "a distinguished anthropologist and writer, and one of the founders of the National Congress of American Indians, the late D'Arcy McNickle was a member of the Confederated Salish and Kootenai tribes of Montana." The inclusion of McNickle's novel drives the leveling scope of this project because historically, the complicated history of these two cultures is often romanticized by the dominant ideology. Without McNickle’s experienced critiques of this ideology, the project would inevitably fail as because of it’s lack of interrogation with both peoples who inhabited the reservation. <br /><br />The novel takes place on the Flathead Native American Reservation in Montana. McNickle's protagonist, Archilde Leon, goes on a fated journey revealing the complex relationship that developed between the Jesuit Missionaries and the Native American peoples. The novel provides its reader with realistic depictions of reservation life for both the indigenous people to the lands and the Jesuit Missionaries who arrived onto the reservation in the fall of 1854. By providing images and journal entries from historical moments on the Reservation, consumers of my project can then articulate whether the relationship between the two groups was a colonial one, or a intersectional one. With this sudden clash of culture, who was greatly affected? <br /><br />McNickle initially portrays the black robed priests as white settlers who did not arrive hoping to force the indigenous people to assimilate—but as the novel moves a long, and the Native peoples become more demobilized by the white settlers, McNickle reveals a shift in the relationship between the black robes and the local tribes of the Flathead Reservation. McNickle initially portrays the black robed priests as white settlers who did not arrive hoping to force the indigenous people to assimilate—but as the novel moves a long, and the Native peoples become more demobilized by the white settlers, McNickle reveals a shift in the relationship between the black robes and the local tribes of the Flathead Reservation. As the Native peoples became justifiably more rebellious, McNickle depicts the newer black robed priests as a group of peoples who did not care to entertain the history of indigenous cultures—they became solely focused on forced assimilation. On the opening page of the print based text, McNickle adds a note which reads, "they called that place Sniel-emen (mountains of the surrounded) because there they had been set upon and destroyed." Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived All quotes within this collection come from D'Arcy McNickle's novel, <span style="text-decoration:underline;">The Surrounded</span> All resources come from the St. Ignatius Mission Collection, Jesuit Oregon Province Archives. Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource McNickle, D'Arcy. The Surrounded. Ed. Lawrence W. Towner. Albuquerque, NM: U of New Mexico, n.d. Print. Contact the Jesuit Oregon Province Archives, at Gonzaga University, for permission to copy or publish this image. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Daniel Hodge Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Two Native American Men in Traditional Attire Holding Westernized Weapons. Description An account of the resource McNickle emphasized the ways in which Native American's within the reservation attempted to hold on to a heritage that was being forcibly replaced. Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived St. Ignatius Mission Collection, Jesuit Oregon Province Archives. Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Contact the Jesuit Oregon Province Archives, at Gonzaga University, for permission to copy or publish this image. Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource JPG. Type The nature or genre of the resource Still Image. Flathead Reservation Native American Celebration http://as-dh.gonzaga.edu/omeka/files/original/a43c50db21b9b246c7b2d64c8dcea044.jpg 896a6a0fbdc604b75e77cfd70869671e http://as-dh.gonzaga.edu/omeka/files/original/903c54e84edc5f72f3635d3b66228ad1.jpg ff8c8df2a75ec0a60ad45954a3a33ca1 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource <h2>The Fated Surroundings</h2> Description An account of the resource <h3>General Summary of D'Arcy McNickel's Novel, "The Surrounded"(This summary comes as an afterword written by Lawrence W. Towner):</h3> "As 'The Surrounded' opens, Archilde Leon has just returned from the big city to his father's ranch on the Flathead Indian Reservation in Montana. The story that unfolds captures the intense and varied conflicts that already characterized reservation life in 1936, when this remarkable novel was first published. Educated at a federal Indian boarding school, Archilde is torn not only between white and Indian cultures but between love for his Spanish father and his Indian mother, who in her old age is rejecting white culture and religion to return to the ways of her people. Archilde's young contemporaries, meanwhile, are succumbing to the destructive influence of reservation life, growing increasingly uprooted, dissolute, hopeless. Although Archilde plans to leave the reservation after a brief visit, his entanglements delay his departure until he faces destruction by the white man's law." <br /><br />By the end of the novel, Archilde truly understands what it means to be "surrounded" by the mountain ranges, a father, a Jesuit Mission, and government laws. McNickle portrays this as a fated journey that is often given to young Native American children forced to attend federal boarding schools. He does not create a romantic caricature of Native life but rather reinforces the brokenness, the dissonance and alienation Native American children felt during early 20th century reservation life. <br /><br /><em>*You can find my extended analysis of the novel in the "Exhibits" section.*</em> Subject The topic of the resource <h3>About the Creator:</h3> <em>This project was created, collected, and curated by Daniel Hodge--a Senior English Major from Torrance, CA. My studies revolve around mostly theories involving Race and Gender. In my work, I fought hard to create an honest and accurate portrayal of the experiences on the St. Ignatius Mission based on the materials I was given. It was never my intention to speak for other marginalized groups of people or further silence their experiences. I hope my work was true, honest, and fair. Also, I'd like to note that I hope for my project to spark conversation, further inquiry into the mission, and work to build more projects from it. If you or anyone feels my project does not do that proper work of revealing certain experiences about Mission life, please contact Gonzaga University. Thank you for taking the time to look through my collection.</em> <h3>About the Project: </h3> “The Surrounded” project aims to explore a complicated history revolving the colonial arrival of Jesuit Missionaries onto Native American reservations--particularly the Flathead Reservation in Western Montana. All of the images included in the project are photos extracted from the Jesuit Oregon Province Archives (JOPA) at the Foley Center Library, Gonzaga University. Before talking about the project, it’s important to note that the gaze (or scope) of these materials rely heavily on the point of view from the Jesuit Missionaries. In their attempt to document history, these images did not allow for me to discover the viewpoint or opinions of the Indigenous people to the land. Because of this limitation, the only way to present this material with a level gaze was by contextualizing the resources from the archive, with D’Arcy McNickle's novel, "The Surrounded." <br /><br />In a review, one scholar identified McNickle as, "a distinguished anthropologist and writer, and one of the founders of the National Congress of American Indians, the late D'Arcy McNickle was a member of the Confederated Salish and Kootenai tribes of Montana." The inclusion of McNickle's novel drives the leveling scope of this project because historically, the complicated history of these two cultures is often romanticized by the dominant ideology. Without McNickle’s experienced critiques of this ideology, the project would inevitably fail as because of it’s lack of interrogation with both peoples who inhabited the reservation. <br /><br />The novel takes place on the Flathead Native American Reservation in Montana. McNickle's protagonist, Archilde Leon, goes on a fated journey revealing the complex relationship that developed between the Jesuit Missionaries and the Native American peoples. The novel provides its reader with realistic depictions of reservation life for both the indigenous people to the lands and the Jesuit Missionaries who arrived onto the reservation in the fall of 1854. By providing images and journal entries from historical moments on the Reservation, consumers of my project can then articulate whether the relationship between the two groups was a colonial one, or a intersectional one. With this sudden clash of culture, who was greatly affected? <br /><br />McNickle initially portrays the black robed priests as white settlers who did not arrive hoping to force the indigenous people to assimilate—but as the novel moves a long, and the Native peoples become more demobilized by the white settlers, McNickle reveals a shift in the relationship between the black robes and the local tribes of the Flathead Reservation. McNickle initially portrays the black robed priests as white settlers who did not arrive hoping to force the indigenous people to assimilate—but as the novel moves a long, and the Native peoples become more demobilized by the white settlers, McNickle reveals a shift in the relationship between the black robes and the local tribes of the Flathead Reservation. As the Native peoples became justifiably more rebellious, McNickle depicts the newer black robed priests as a group of peoples who did not care to entertain the history of indigenous cultures—they became solely focused on forced assimilation. On the opening page of the print based text, McNickle adds a note which reads, "they called that place Sniel-emen (mountains of the surrounded) because there they had been set upon and destroyed." Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived All quotes within this collection come from D'Arcy McNickle's novel, <span style="text-decoration:underline;">The Surrounded</span> All resources come from the St. Ignatius Mission Collection, Jesuit Oregon Province Archives. Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource McNickle, D'Arcy. The Surrounded. Ed. Lawrence W. Towner. Albuquerque, NM: U of New Mexico, n.d. Print. Contact the Jesuit Oregon Province Archives, at Gonzaga University, for permission to copy or publish this image. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Daniel Hodge Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Chief Baptist, a Jesuit Priest, and Six Children Description An account of the resource An image from one of the many visits Jesuit missionaries would make to the Native American huts. Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived St. Ignatius Mission Collection, Jesuit Oregon Province Archives. Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Contact the Jesuit Oregon Province Archives, at Gonzaga University, for permission to copy or publish this image. Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource JPG. Type The nature or genre of the resource Still Image. Flathead Reservation Jesuits Native American Huts St. Ignatius Mission http://as-dh.gonzaga.edu/omeka/files/original/5686e0218c18c00d31293c63fb927096.jpg 306d3f5d1403d518a3408978a9582803 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource <h2>The Fated Surroundings</h2> Description An account of the resource <h3>General Summary of D'Arcy McNickel's Novel, "The Surrounded"(This summary comes as an afterword written by Lawrence W. Towner):</h3> "As 'The Surrounded' opens, Archilde Leon has just returned from the big city to his father's ranch on the Flathead Indian Reservation in Montana. The story that unfolds captures the intense and varied conflicts that already characterized reservation life in 1936, when this remarkable novel was first published. Educated at a federal Indian boarding school, Archilde is torn not only between white and Indian cultures but between love for his Spanish father and his Indian mother, who in her old age is rejecting white culture and religion to return to the ways of her people. Archilde's young contemporaries, meanwhile, are succumbing to the destructive influence of reservation life, growing increasingly uprooted, dissolute, hopeless. Although Archilde plans to leave the reservation after a brief visit, his entanglements delay his departure until he faces destruction by the white man's law." <br /><br />By the end of the novel, Archilde truly understands what it means to be "surrounded" by the mountain ranges, a father, a Jesuit Mission, and government laws. McNickle portrays this as a fated journey that is often given to young Native American children forced to attend federal boarding schools. He does not create a romantic caricature of Native life but rather reinforces the brokenness, the dissonance and alienation Native American children felt during early 20th century reservation life. <br /><br /><em>*You can find my extended analysis of the novel in the "Exhibits" section.*</em> Subject The topic of the resource <h3>About the Creator:</h3> <em>This project was created, collected, and curated by Daniel Hodge--a Senior English Major from Torrance, CA. My studies revolve around mostly theories involving Race and Gender. In my work, I fought hard to create an honest and accurate portrayal of the experiences on the St. Ignatius Mission based on the materials I was given. It was never my intention to speak for other marginalized groups of people or further silence their experiences. I hope my work was true, honest, and fair. Also, I'd like to note that I hope for my project to spark conversation, further inquiry into the mission, and work to build more projects from it. If you or anyone feels my project does not do that proper work of revealing certain experiences about Mission life, please contact Gonzaga University. Thank you for taking the time to look through my collection.</em> <h3>About the Project: </h3> “The Surrounded” project aims to explore a complicated history revolving the colonial arrival of Jesuit Missionaries onto Native American reservations--particularly the Flathead Reservation in Western Montana. All of the images included in the project are photos extracted from the Jesuit Oregon Province Archives (JOPA) at the Foley Center Library, Gonzaga University. Before talking about the project, it’s important to note that the gaze (or scope) of these materials rely heavily on the point of view from the Jesuit Missionaries. In their attempt to document history, these images did not allow for me to discover the viewpoint or opinions of the Indigenous people to the land. Because of this limitation, the only way to present this material with a level gaze was by contextualizing the resources from the archive, with D’Arcy McNickle's novel, "The Surrounded." <br /><br />In a review, one scholar identified McNickle as, "a distinguished anthropologist and writer, and one of the founders of the National Congress of American Indians, the late D'Arcy McNickle was a member of the Confederated Salish and Kootenai tribes of Montana." The inclusion of McNickle's novel drives the leveling scope of this project because historically, the complicated history of these two cultures is often romanticized by the dominant ideology. Without McNickle’s experienced critiques of this ideology, the project would inevitably fail as because of it’s lack of interrogation with both peoples who inhabited the reservation. <br /><br />The novel takes place on the Flathead Native American Reservation in Montana. McNickle's protagonist, Archilde Leon, goes on a fated journey revealing the complex relationship that developed between the Jesuit Missionaries and the Native American peoples. The novel provides its reader with realistic depictions of reservation life for both the indigenous people to the lands and the Jesuit Missionaries who arrived onto the reservation in the fall of 1854. By providing images and journal entries from historical moments on the Reservation, consumers of my project can then articulate whether the relationship between the two groups was a colonial one, or a intersectional one. With this sudden clash of culture, who was greatly affected? <br /><br />McNickle initially portrays the black robed priests as white settlers who did not arrive hoping to force the indigenous people to assimilate—but as the novel moves a long, and the Native peoples become more demobilized by the white settlers, McNickle reveals a shift in the relationship between the black robes and the local tribes of the Flathead Reservation. McNickle initially portrays the black robed priests as white settlers who did not arrive hoping to force the indigenous people to assimilate—but as the novel moves a long, and the Native peoples become more demobilized by the white settlers, McNickle reveals a shift in the relationship between the black robes and the local tribes of the Flathead Reservation. As the Native peoples became justifiably more rebellious, McNickle depicts the newer black robed priests as a group of peoples who did not care to entertain the history of indigenous cultures—they became solely focused on forced assimilation. On the opening page of the print based text, McNickle adds a note which reads, "they called that place Sniel-emen (mountains of the surrounded) because there they had been set upon and destroyed." Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived All quotes within this collection come from D'Arcy McNickle's novel, <span style="text-decoration:underline;">The Surrounded</span> All resources come from the St. Ignatius Mission Collection, Jesuit Oregon Province Archives. Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource McNickle, D'Arcy. The Surrounded. Ed. Lawrence W. Towner. Albuquerque, NM: U of New Mexico, n.d. Print. Contact the Jesuit Oregon Province Archives, at Gonzaga University, for permission to copy or publish this image. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Daniel Hodge Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Sisters Celebrating with Native American Men Description An account of the resource On a holiday such as Easter, the Flathead peoples would host their own celebration of Native American culture to recognize the history of their culture alongside their newly adopted traditions within Catholicism. Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived St. Ignatius Mission Collection, Jesuit Oregon Province Archives. Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Contact the Jesuit Oregon Province Archives, at Gonzaga University, for permission to copy or publish this image. Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource JPG. Type The nature or genre of the resource Still Image. Flathead Reservation Intersection Native American Celebration Sisters St. Ignatius Mission http://as-dh.gonzaga.edu/omeka/files/original/78ab5a30c3580f62460c3751885158b7.jpg 01da297df768c96f65ddc49ba4778e03 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource <h2>The Fated Surroundings</h2> Description An account of the resource <h3>General Summary of D'Arcy McNickel's Novel, "The Surrounded"(This summary comes as an afterword written by Lawrence W. Towner):</h3> "As 'The Surrounded' opens, Archilde Leon has just returned from the big city to his father's ranch on the Flathead Indian Reservation in Montana. The story that unfolds captures the intense and varied conflicts that already characterized reservation life in 1936, when this remarkable novel was first published. Educated at a federal Indian boarding school, Archilde is torn not only between white and Indian cultures but between love for his Spanish father and his Indian mother, who in her old age is rejecting white culture and religion to return to the ways of her people. Archilde's young contemporaries, meanwhile, are succumbing to the destructive influence of reservation life, growing increasingly uprooted, dissolute, hopeless. Although Archilde plans to leave the reservation after a brief visit, his entanglements delay his departure until he faces destruction by the white man's law." <br /><br />By the end of the novel, Archilde truly understands what it means to be "surrounded" by the mountain ranges, a father, a Jesuit Mission, and government laws. McNickle portrays this as a fated journey that is often given to young Native American children forced to attend federal boarding schools. He does not create a romantic caricature of Native life but rather reinforces the brokenness, the dissonance and alienation Native American children felt during early 20th century reservation life. <br /><br /><em>*You can find my extended analysis of the novel in the "Exhibits" section.*</em> Subject The topic of the resource <h3>About the Creator:</h3> <em>This project was created, collected, and curated by Daniel Hodge--a Senior English Major from Torrance, CA. My studies revolve around mostly theories involving Race and Gender. In my work, I fought hard to create an honest and accurate portrayal of the experiences on the St. Ignatius Mission based on the materials I was given. It was never my intention to speak for other marginalized groups of people or further silence their experiences. I hope my work was true, honest, and fair. Also, I'd like to note that I hope for my project to spark conversation, further inquiry into the mission, and work to build more projects from it. If you or anyone feels my project does not do that proper work of revealing certain experiences about Mission life, please contact Gonzaga University. Thank you for taking the time to look through my collection.</em> <h3>About the Project: </h3> “The Surrounded” project aims to explore a complicated history revolving the colonial arrival of Jesuit Missionaries onto Native American reservations--particularly the Flathead Reservation in Western Montana. All of the images included in the project are photos extracted from the Jesuit Oregon Province Archives (JOPA) at the Foley Center Library, Gonzaga University. Before talking about the project, it’s important to note that the gaze (or scope) of these materials rely heavily on the point of view from the Jesuit Missionaries. In their attempt to document history, these images did not allow for me to discover the viewpoint or opinions of the Indigenous people to the land. Because of this limitation, the only way to present this material with a level gaze was by contextualizing the resources from the archive, with D’Arcy McNickle's novel, "The Surrounded." <br /><br />In a review, one scholar identified McNickle as, "a distinguished anthropologist and writer, and one of the founders of the National Congress of American Indians, the late D'Arcy McNickle was a member of the Confederated Salish and Kootenai tribes of Montana." The inclusion of McNickle's novel drives the leveling scope of this project because historically, the complicated history of these two cultures is often romanticized by the dominant ideology. Without McNickle’s experienced critiques of this ideology, the project would inevitably fail as because of it’s lack of interrogation with both peoples who inhabited the reservation. <br /><br />The novel takes place on the Flathead Native American Reservation in Montana. McNickle's protagonist, Archilde Leon, goes on a fated journey revealing the complex relationship that developed between the Jesuit Missionaries and the Native American peoples. The novel provides its reader with realistic depictions of reservation life for both the indigenous people to the lands and the Jesuit Missionaries who arrived onto the reservation in the fall of 1854. By providing images and journal entries from historical moments on the Reservation, consumers of my project can then articulate whether the relationship between the two groups was a colonial one, or a intersectional one. With this sudden clash of culture, who was greatly affected? <br /><br />McNickle initially portrays the black robed priests as white settlers who did not arrive hoping to force the indigenous people to assimilate—but as the novel moves a long, and the Native peoples become more demobilized by the white settlers, McNickle reveals a shift in the relationship between the black robes and the local tribes of the Flathead Reservation. McNickle initially portrays the black robed priests as white settlers who did not arrive hoping to force the indigenous people to assimilate—but as the novel moves a long, and the Native peoples become more demobilized by the white settlers, McNickle reveals a shift in the relationship between the black robes and the local tribes of the Flathead Reservation. As the Native peoples became justifiably more rebellious, McNickle depicts the newer black robed priests as a group of peoples who did not care to entertain the history of indigenous cultures—they became solely focused on forced assimilation. On the opening page of the print based text, McNickle adds a note which reads, "they called that place Sniel-emen (mountains of the surrounded) because there they had been set upon and destroyed." Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived All quotes within this collection come from D'Arcy McNickle's novel, <span style="text-decoration:underline;">The Surrounded</span> All resources come from the St. Ignatius Mission Collection, Jesuit Oregon Province Archives. Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource McNickle, D'Arcy. The Surrounded. Ed. Lawrence W. Towner. Albuquerque, NM: U of New Mexico, n.d. Print. Contact the Jesuit Oregon Province Archives, at Gonzaga University, for permission to copy or publish this image. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Daniel Hodge Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Mission School Band Description An account of the resource The protagonist from the novel, Archilde, makes his living off of the reservation because of his skill with instruments. When he returns, his father and the Jesuit missionaries hope to use his talent as a way to benefit the mission and keep him within the reservation. This photo is proof of the Jesuit instructed band that many school boys participated in. Notice how the band is in a western attire that pulls them away from their tradition Native ancestry. Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived St. Ignatius Mission Collection, Jesuit Oregon Province Archives. Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Contact the Jesuit Oregon Province Archives, at Gonzaga University, for permission to copy or publish this image. Type The nature or genre of the resource Still Image. Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource JPG. Archilde Leon Flathead Reservation School Band St. Ignatius Mission The Surrounded http://as-dh.gonzaga.edu/omeka/files/original/10fa8ffc79db58a8a86cf68343c2642d.jpg 20356460a37735d4cc17dbe7ac7a58a9 http://as-dh.gonzaga.edu/omeka/files/original/277e409e69dc25d096e4313b40dd340e.jpg 6631dde22aa4b1977da4350504c424d7 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource <h2>The Fated Surroundings</h2> Description An account of the resource <h3>General Summary of D'Arcy McNickel's Novel, "The Surrounded"(This summary comes as an afterword written by Lawrence W. Towner):</h3> "As 'The Surrounded' opens, Archilde Leon has just returned from the big city to his father's ranch on the Flathead Indian Reservation in Montana. The story that unfolds captures the intense and varied conflicts that already characterized reservation life in 1936, when this remarkable novel was first published. Educated at a federal Indian boarding school, Archilde is torn not only between white and Indian cultures but between love for his Spanish father and his Indian mother, who in her old age is rejecting white culture and religion to return to the ways of her people. Archilde's young contemporaries, meanwhile, are succumbing to the destructive influence of reservation life, growing increasingly uprooted, dissolute, hopeless. Although Archilde plans to leave the reservation after a brief visit, his entanglements delay his departure until he faces destruction by the white man's law." <br /><br />By the end of the novel, Archilde truly understands what it means to be "surrounded" by the mountain ranges, a father, a Jesuit Mission, and government laws. McNickle portrays this as a fated journey that is often given to young Native American children forced to attend federal boarding schools. He does not create a romantic caricature of Native life but rather reinforces the brokenness, the dissonance and alienation Native American children felt during early 20th century reservation life. <br /><br /><em>*You can find my extended analysis of the novel in the "Exhibits" section.*</em> Subject The topic of the resource <h3>About the Creator:</h3> <em>This project was created, collected, and curated by Daniel Hodge--a Senior English Major from Torrance, CA. My studies revolve around mostly theories involving Race and Gender. In my work, I fought hard to create an honest and accurate portrayal of the experiences on the St. Ignatius Mission based on the materials I was given. It was never my intention to speak for other marginalized groups of people or further silence their experiences. I hope my work was true, honest, and fair. Also, I'd like to note that I hope for my project to spark conversation, further inquiry into the mission, and work to build more projects from it. If you or anyone feels my project does not do that proper work of revealing certain experiences about Mission life, please contact Gonzaga University. Thank you for taking the time to look through my collection.</em> <h3>About the Project: </h3> “The Surrounded” project aims to explore a complicated history revolving the colonial arrival of Jesuit Missionaries onto Native American reservations--particularly the Flathead Reservation in Western Montana. All of the images included in the project are photos extracted from the Jesuit Oregon Province Archives (JOPA) at the Foley Center Library, Gonzaga University. Before talking about the project, it’s important to note that the gaze (or scope) of these materials rely heavily on the point of view from the Jesuit Missionaries. In their attempt to document history, these images did not allow for me to discover the viewpoint or opinions of the Indigenous people to the land. Because of this limitation, the only way to present this material with a level gaze was by contextualizing the resources from the archive, with D’Arcy McNickle's novel, "The Surrounded." <br /><br />In a review, one scholar identified McNickle as, "a distinguished anthropologist and writer, and one of the founders of the National Congress of American Indians, the late D'Arcy McNickle was a member of the Confederated Salish and Kootenai tribes of Montana." The inclusion of McNickle's novel drives the leveling scope of this project because historically, the complicated history of these two cultures is often romanticized by the dominant ideology. Without McNickle’s experienced critiques of this ideology, the project would inevitably fail as because of it’s lack of interrogation with both peoples who inhabited the reservation. <br /><br />The novel takes place on the Flathead Native American Reservation in Montana. McNickle's protagonist, Archilde Leon, goes on a fated journey revealing the complex relationship that developed between the Jesuit Missionaries and the Native American peoples. The novel provides its reader with realistic depictions of reservation life for both the indigenous people to the lands and the Jesuit Missionaries who arrived onto the reservation in the fall of 1854. By providing images and journal entries from historical moments on the Reservation, consumers of my project can then articulate whether the relationship between the two groups was a colonial one, or a intersectional one. With this sudden clash of culture, who was greatly affected? <br /><br />McNickle initially portrays the black robed priests as white settlers who did not arrive hoping to force the indigenous people to assimilate—but as the novel moves a long, and the Native peoples become more demobilized by the white settlers, McNickle reveals a shift in the relationship between the black robes and the local tribes of the Flathead Reservation. McNickle initially portrays the black robed priests as white settlers who did not arrive hoping to force the indigenous people to assimilate—but as the novel moves a long, and the Native peoples become more demobilized by the white settlers, McNickle reveals a shift in the relationship between the black robes and the local tribes of the Flathead Reservation. As the Native peoples became justifiably more rebellious, McNickle depicts the newer black robed priests as a group of peoples who did not care to entertain the history of indigenous cultures—they became solely focused on forced assimilation. On the opening page of the print based text, McNickle adds a note which reads, "they called that place Sniel-emen (mountains of the surrounded) because there they had been set upon and destroyed." Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived All quotes within this collection come from D'Arcy McNickle's novel, <span style="text-decoration:underline;">The Surrounded</span> All resources come from the St. Ignatius Mission Collection, Jesuit Oregon Province Archives. Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource McNickle, D'Arcy. The Surrounded. Ed. Lawrence W. Towner. Albuquerque, NM: U of New Mexico, n.d. Print. Contact the Jesuit Oregon Province Archives, at Gonzaga University, for permission to copy or publish this image. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Daniel Hodge Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource A Visit from the Blackfeet Delegation Description An account of the resource The text on the back of the photo reads: "[Native American Chiefs] came to Mission to inspect the church with purpose of building one for their own tribe situated across the mts. When they learned that the Frs. had built it from proceeds of sale of their own horses, the [Native Americans] returned home and invited the Fr. in charge of them to go and do likewise—He is still thinking about it.” In the novel, D'Arcy McNickle is very honest about how many Native American chiefs at first felt as if the Jesuit Missionaries could help to build their societies at a time when the government left them isolated on land with little resources. Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived St. Ignatius Mission Collection, Jesuit Oregon Province Archives. Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Contact the Jesuit Oregon Province Archives, at Gonzaga University, for permission to copy or publish this image. Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource JPG. Type The nature or genre of the resource Still Image. Blackfeet Flathead Reservation Jesuits St. Ignatius Mission